| 释义 |
cubit|ˈkjuːbɪt|
Forms: 4– cubit; also 4–7 cubite, (4 cupyde, cupet), 5 cubete, (cobyte), 5–6 cubyt(e, cubet(te, (7 cubide).
[ad. L. cubitum the elbow, the distance from the elbow to the finger-tips, belonging to cubit- ppl. stem of cubāre, -cumbĕre, to lie down, recline.
The form cubite occurs in OF. for the measure, but the living repr. of the L. cubitus is F. coude, OF. coute elbow = Pr. code, coide, Sp. codo, It. cubito.]
†1. The part of the arm from the elbow downward; the forearm.
b. The ulna, one of the two bones of the forearm. (In quot. 1398 applied to both the ulna and the radius.) Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxvii. (1495) 136 The arme is made of two bones, one aboue that hyghte the ouer cubyte, and the other beneth that hyghte the nether cubyte. 1483Cath. Angl. 85 A Cubit, lacertus. 1634T. Johnson tr. Parey's Chirurg. vi. xxvi. (1678) 147 The cubit is composed of two bones, the one of which we call the Radius or Wand, the other we properly call the Cubit, or Ell. 1713Cheselden Anat. iii. viii. (1726) 202 The muscles that bend and extend the cubit. 1847South tr. Chelius' Syst. Surg. I. 559 Fracture of the cubit is always consequent to direct violence.
⁋By literalism of translation: see quots.
1388Wyclif Jer. xxxviii. 12 Putte thou elde clothis..vndur the cubit of thin hondis [Vulg. sub cubito manuum tuarum; Heb. under the joints of thy hands] and on the cordis. 1609Bible (Douay) Ibid., Under the cubite of thine armes.
†c. Sometimes app. = the elbow. Obs.
1544T. Phaer Pestilence (1553) P iij b, On the muscule of the right arme, vnder the cubite, on the parte where as the pulse lieth. 1624Gee Foot out of Snare 43 A fire from heauen consumed the hands and armes to his cubits. 1882Syd. Soc. Lex., Cubit, the ulna. Also, the elbow.
†d. Zool. The corresponding part of the fore leg of quadrupeds;
e. Entom. Applied to one of the veins or ribs of an insect's wing.
c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Guide i. vi. (1738) 91 The next bone, call'd the Cubit, or Leg-bone. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. II. 337 In the fore feet, or rather hands, all the arm and the cubit are hid under the skin.
2. An ancient measure of length derived from the forearm; varying at different times and places, but usually about 18–22 inches. Obs. exc. Hist.
It is the cubitus of the Romans = Gr. πῆχνς, Heb. ammah, all which words meant primarily the forearm. The Roman cubit was 17·4 inches; the Egyptian 20·64 inches.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 315 Þre hundred of cupydez þou holde to þe lenþe. 1382Wyclif Matt. vi. 27 Who of ȝou thenkinge may putte to [v.r. adde] to his stature oo cubite? 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. v. 69 There dwelleth peple that..ar but ii cubites hye..This peple is callyd pygmans. 1555Eden Decades 92 Hit scarsely riseth at any tyme a cubet aboue the bankes. 1640Wilkins New Planet viii. (1707) 239 In one Minute it should scarce descend the Space of a Cubit. 1837Thirlwall Greece IV. xxxiii. 287 A model of a galley three cubits long in ivory and gold. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 304 He is four cubits high.
3. attrib. and Comb., as cubit-bone, cubit-length, cubit-rule (cf. foot-rule); cubic-long adj.; cubit arm (Her.), ‘an arm couped at the elbow’ (Cussans Handbk. Her. 115).
a1400–50Alexander 3908 Wild berys..With ilka tenefull tothe..A cubete lenth. a1700Dryden Ovid's Met. xii. (R.), But Theseus, with a club of harden'd oak, The cubit-bone of the bold centaur broke. 1847Landor Hellenics ii, In ancient letters, cubit-long. 1848C. C. Clifford Aristophanes' Frogs 26 Yard-measures too they'll bring and cubit-rules. |