| 释义 |
▪ I. spore|spɔə(r)|
[ad. mod.L. spora, a. Gr. σπορά sowing, seed. So F. spore, It. spora.]
1. Bot. One of the minute reproductive bodies characteristic of flowerless plants.
1836Berkeley in Smith Eng. Flora V. ii. 341 Fertile branchlets..bearing quaternate spores. 1839Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) 260 The sporangia burst..and emit minute particles named spores or sporules, from which new plants are produced. 1863M. J. Berkeley Brit. Mosses i. 2 The cellular product of the germinating spores..in Mosses consists of more or less branched threads. 1889Science-Gossip XXV. 185 Causing the peristome..to open.., disclosing the interior of the capsule with its beautiful golden spores.
fig.1862O. W. Holmes Old Vol. of Life (1891) 46 The spores of a great many ideas are floating about in the atmosphere.
2. Zool. and Biol. A very minute germ or organism.
1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 85 The latter represent the cells, which are the germs of new individuals (spores, etc.). 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 859 The contained protoplasm gives origin to a single spore..or to a large number.
3. a. attrib., as spore-capsule, spore-cell, spore-dot, spore-fruit, spore-germ, spore-sac, spore-theca, spore-wall; spore print, a permanent image of the spore-producing structures of a fungal fruiting body, made by allowing spores to fall a short distance on to a surface where they adhere.
Also spore-bud, -cyst, -formation, -membrane, etc.
1856W. L. Lindsay Hist. Brit. Lichens 69 The spore-wall varies in thickness. 1857Henfrey Bot. 154 The fruits consist of capsules of globular or oval form (sporo⁓carps, or spore-fruits). Ibid. 168 The larger (spore-sacs), containing the spore-germs. 1866Treas. Bot. 978/1 The spores are formed in a joint or joints of the spore-threads. 1882Vines tr. Sachs' Bot. 233 The entire spore-capsule of a Moss. Ibid. 437 The mother-cell splitting up into four spore-cells. 1885G. L. Goodale Physiol. Bot. (1892) 164 The formation in ferns of the sori, or spore-dots. 1900McIlvaine & Macadam Thousand Amer. Fungi p. xxx, When a spore-print is to be taken, select a fully-grown specimen, remove the stem, place the spore-bearing surface upon the gummed paper, cover tightly with an inverted bowl or saucer, and allow to stand undisturbed for eight or ten hours. 1969F. E. Round Introd. Lower Plants vi. 85 Spore colour is a valuable aid to identification and is easily detected by placing a mature ‘mushroom’ head on a piece of white paper and leaving over⁓night to produce a ‘spore print’.
b. Comb., as spore-bearing, spore-forming, spore-producing.
1857T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 10 The involute..segments of the spore-bearing leaf. 1880Bessey Botany 319 Little lateral branches budding out upon the spore-forming hyphæ. 1882Vines tr. Sachs' Bot. 387 In many cases..the spore-producing generation attains great dimensions.
▪ II. spore
obs. or dial. f. spur n. and v. |