| 释义 |
spontaneism, n. Pol.|spɒntəˈniːɪz(ə)m, -ˈneɪɪz(ə)m|
[ad. F. spontanéisme (1968); cf. spontaneity n. and -ism.]
In Marxist theory, direct revolutionary action represented by the spontaneous uprising of the proletariat.
1970B. Brewster tr. Althusser & Balibar's Reading Capital (1975) ii. v. 141 Kautsky's and Lenin's thesis that Marxist theory is produced by a specific theoretical practice..and that Marxist theory must be ‘imported’ into the proletariat, was absolutely rejected—and all the themes of spontaneism rushed into Marxism through this open breach. 1971― tr. Althusser's Lenin & Philos. 53 Politically, Lenin is famous for his critique of ‘spontaneism’, which..is..directed against..a political ideology which, screened by an exaltation of the spontaneity of the masses, exploits it in order to divert it into an incorrect politics. 1974J. White tr. Poulantzas's Fascism & Dictatorship iv. i. 145 Spontaneism, i.e. contempt for organization, and the abstract cult of direct and ‘spontaneous’ action, no matter where or how.
Hence spontaˈneist n. [cf. F. spontanéiste], one who advocates spontaneism; also attrib. or as adj.
1971R. Gombin in Apter & Joll Anarchism Today 19 The end result of this criticism led the ‘spontaneists’ to some extremely unorthodox conclusions. 1974J. White tr. Poulantzas's Fascism & Dictatorship iv. i. 147 We should..recognize the quite striking..collusion between the ‘spontaneist’ elements, anarcho-syndicalists etc.,..and the fascist parties, which they often joined openly, forming their ‘left’ wing. 1976Guardian Weekly 19 Sept. 11/1 A variety of Maoist movements is active in France... Their members, apart from those who for a time espoused the cause of ‘spontaneist Maoism’ (the so-called ‘Spontex-Maos’), have on the whole..adopted the term Marxist-Leninist. 1977N. Young Infantile Disorder? xi. 216 The radical Spontaneists called the Russian revolution a ‘counter revolution’; and the critique of bureaucracy was extended even to Cuba and China. |