| 释义 |
▪ I. splinter, n.|ˈsplɪntə(r)|
Forms: 5 splynter, 6– splinter, 7 splenter.
[a. MDu. splinter (Du. and WFris. splinter), splenter (WFlem. splenter), = LG. splinter (hence in G.), splenter, related to splint n. Cf. splinder n.]
1. a. A rough (usually a comparatively long, thin, and sharp-edged) piece of wood, bone, stone, etc., split or broken off, esp. as the result of violent impact; a chip, fragment, or shiver.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. vii. (Bodl. MS.), A reod..hurteþ þe hande sone wiþ splynters. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 9 The staf brake,..and the pece and the splinter therof lepte, and smote oute the ladies eye. 1578Lyte Dodoens 56 It draweth forth thornes and Splinters or shivers. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 25 His arrowes were fiue quarters long, headed with the splinters of a white christall-like stone. 1657Trapp Comm. Ps. xxix. 6 God..maketh those huge trees, the splinters of them, to flie up into the air. 1711in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 161 The bomb,..a splinter of which struck the lady. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (Rtldg.) 478/1 An arrow shattered the bone in such a manner, that splinters were taken out. 1801Col. Stewart in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1845) IV. 308 A shot through the mainmast knocked a few splinters about us. 1841H. Miller O.R. Sandst. vi. 116 Almost..every splinter of sandstone, every limestone nodule, contained its organism. 1873Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 59 The best means of drilling holes in glass is by using a splinter of a diamond.
b. fig. and in fig. context.
1589Pappe w. Hatchet To Father & Sons, Ile make such a splinter runne into your wits, as shal make them ranckle till you become fooles. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xx. 207 He fears not to have the splinters of his party (when it breaks) flie into his eyes. 1690Temple Ess., Poetry Wks. 1720 I. 245 This Vein of Conceit seemed proper for such Scraps or Splinters into which Poetry was broken. 1730Young Ep. fr. Oxf. 184 Satire recoils whenever charg'd too high, Round your own fame the fatal splinters fly. 1856W. E. Aytoun Bothwell (1857) 95 The splinters and the accidents That flash from every deed of crime.
c. Used (chiefly with negatives) to denote a very small piece or amount, or something of little or no value.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 283 Hee'l say..The Grecian Dames are sun-burnt, and not worth The splinter of a Lance. 1658Osborne Mem. Jas. I, 56 It is..the..Custome and pure Nature of Humanity to venerate the least splinter of Antiquity. 1728Morgan Algiers II. v. 320 As for the Ship he talked of, they were resolutely bent not to part with the least Splinter of it. 1769Home Fatal Discov. ii, She is not worth the splinter of a spear.
d. In phr. in splinters or into splinters. Also all to splinters, completely, thoroughly.
1612Drayton Poly-olb. xii. 486 With the fearful shock, Their spears in splinters flew. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physick 172 When the bone broken into Splinters, is thrust inward. 1711Steele Spect. No. 32 ⁋2 Looking-Glasses..sometimes shivered into ten thousand Splinters. 1757W. Wilkie Epigoniad viii. 258 Short from the steel, the staff in splinters broke. 1847Tennyson Princ. v. 483 Into fiery splinters leapt the lance. 1884‘H. Collingwood’ (W. Lancaster) Under Meteor Flag 159 We beat Flinn all to splinters.
e. A sharp piece of rock projecting from the main body.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xiv. 94 A cliff, which afforded us..some protruding splinters to lay hold of by the hands.
f. A splinter group (see sense 7 b below). orig. and chiefly U.S.
1948Sun (Baltimore) 20 Aug. 1/2 The Republican party and its Dewey-Warren ticket, without ‘leftist or extreme right splinters’, is the nation's only hope ‘to put an end to disunity’. 1972D. E. Westlake Bank Shot viii. 56 Probably a new splinter... They keep fractionalizing, makes it extremely difficult to keep proper surveillance. 1977New Yorker 9 May 67/2 The old-guard splinter of the Congress which Mrs. Gandhi had routed in 1969. 1981Listener 1 Jan. 24/1 A newly imaginative use of a Red Brigade splinter.
2. A surgical splint. Obs. or dial.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 46 The splinter must be made of stiffe paper, of latinn, or of any other substance. 1658A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. ii. xvi. 122 These splinters were like such, as I used to Bone-fractures. 1820A. Cooper, etc. Surg. Ess. (ed. 2) 165 The under splinter was a firm excavated piece of deal.
3. a. A comparatively thin piece or slender strip of wood prepared or used for some particular purpose. Cf. splint n. 2.
1648Hexham ii, Een Schindel, a Shingle, or a Splenter. 1673–4Grew Anat. Pl., Anat. Trunks (1682) 121 The Perpendicular Splinters or Twigs of a Basket. 1723Pres. State Russia I. 307 The Roofs are made of thin Splinters of Fir. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 271 Piercing the stems or roots by a longitudinal cut through a joint, and keeping the wound open with a wedge or splinter.
b. Used as a torch, or dipped in tallow and used as a candle.
1751England's Gaz. s.v. Macclesfield, Fir-trees..which are dug up for various uses, but chiefly for splinters, that serve the poor for candles. 1791W. Bartram Carolina 470 Some take with them little fascines of fat Pine splinters for torches. 1828Croker Leg. S. Irel. II. 155 While his rosy daughter held a splinter to her mother. 1851T. H. Turner Dom. Archit. I. ii. 68 It was therefore lit up with splinters and flambeaux. 1862T. W. Higginson Army Life (1870) 24 Perusing a hymn-book by the light of a pine splinter.
†4. A fibre or filament of undressed hemp. Cf. shiver n.1 2. Obs.—1
1673Boyle Ess. Effluviums ii. 15 The thrids or splinters of Hemp the Rope was made up of.
†5. = splint n. 5. Obs.—1
1704Dict. Rust. (1726) s.v. Rules buying Horses, If there be hard knots on the inside of the Leg, they are Splinters.
6. ellipt. = splinter-bar 2. rare.
1794Felton Carriages (1801) I. 62 The front bar to a single-horse carriage is what the draught is mostly taken from, by means of a splinter hung thereto. 1801tr. Gabrielli's Myst. Husb. II. 68 The driver..appeared to have his doubts whether he should not object to my getting into the elegant vehicle, the splinter being certainly, in his opinion, more calculated for a person in my station.
7. a. attrib. and Comb., as splinter forceps, splinter-hoop, splinter wound; splinter bid Bridge, an unusual jump bid showing a singleton or void in the suit bid; splinter-deck, an armour-plated deck on a ship (see also quot. 1909); splinter hæmorrhage, a narrow, elongated hæmorrhage resembling one produced by a splinter; splinter net, -netting Naut., a net or netting of small rope spread on board a warship during action to protect the men from falling splinters; splinter-new a. dial. [cf. G. splinterneu, Du. splinternieuw, etc.], quite new. See also splinter-bar, -proof.
1977Oxf. Times 11 Feb. 8/7 The bidding went: One Heart—pass—Three Spades (*splinter bid showing a singleton or void together with a heart fit). 1978N.Y. Times 29 Mar. c 25/2 For slam purposes, the splinter bid, or unusual jump to show a singleton or a void, solves many problems.
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl. 346/2 A deck worked for protective purposes below a protective deck is called the *splinter-deck. 1933Jane's Fighting Ships 171 Above again is a 11/15{pp} splinter deck against aerial attack. 1973J. Quick Dict. Weapons & Mil. Terms 416/3 Splinter deck, a deck fitted with armor.
1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instrum. 82 *Splinter Forceps.
1931W. Boyd Path. Internal Dis. i. 40 There may be small ‘*splinter hemorrhages’ under the nail—a linear track as if a sliver had been run in. 1971Robbins & Angell Basic Path. ix. 274/2 Seeding of the nail beds and of the skin produces small petechial hemorrhages known as ‘splinter hemorrhages’ or microabscesses.
1681Grew Musæum iv. iii. 374 A plain Indian Fan,..Made of the small stringy parts of Roots,..bound together with a *Splinter-Hoop.
1894Daily News 21 Mar. 5/2 Bulkheads, boats, *splinter nets.
1799Hull Advertiser 17 Aug. 4/2 The flames coming up the companion and setting fire to the *splinter netting. 1830Marryat King's Own xvii, The hatchways being covered over with a strong splinter⁓netting.
1824–*Splinter-new (in Sc., Cumbld., Yks. dial. glossaries and texts).
1833M. Scott Tom Cringle ix, The *splinter wound in his head burst afresh.
b. attrib. or as adj. Of or pertaining to a group, party, etc., which splits itself off as an independent entity from a larger political or social group, esp. as splinter group. orig. N. Amer.
1935Economist 19 Oct. 742/2 The new ‘splinter parties’, it will be observed—the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (farmer-labour), Mr. H. H. Stevens's ‘Reconstructionists’, and the Social Credit League—have hardly succeeded in making a scratch on the traditional surface of Canadian politics. 1948Manch. Guardian Weekly 15 Jan. 5/2 He challenges the Republicans to dodge the stigma of reaction and encourages the Wallace ‘splinter groups’ to hold firm. 1948Sun (Baltimore) 23 Feb. 8/3 While splinter minorities may have a voice in the legislature, they cannot extend that voice beyond their own minority base. 1950Times 27 Feb. 5/3 The Cabinet is made up of an uneasy coalition of splinter parties. 1958Spectator 17 Jan. 73/2 The formation of superior-minded splinter groups which have no wish to become part of the main body of the Church.
1898Middleton & Tait Tribes without Rulers 209 Splinter-segments of a clan do not form cores of tribes. 1964R. Braddon Year Angry Rabbit v. 43 The fourteen new splinter nations now beginning to flake off the edges of a ripely rich Soviet Russia. 1968Guardian 17 June 8/1 The ineffective splinter-group politics of the Fourth Republic. 1975N.Y. Times 8 Nov. 26/2 The women's movement has increasingly allowed itself to be dominated..by radical splinter groups and issues which lack support among the majority of women. 1978L. Heren Growing up on The Times ix. 293 Malcolm X formed a splinter movement, the organization of Afro-American unity. 1979D. Sanders Queen sends for Mrs Chadwick 82 Supposing..the two main parties are dead⁓locked... They would have to turn to whatever splinter party happened to be closest to their own line.
▪ II. splinter, v.|ˈsplɪntə(r)|
[f. the n. Cf. Du. splinteren, WFris. splinterje, LG. and G. splintern; WFlem. splenteren.]
1. a. trans. To break or split into splinters or long narrow pieces, or in such a way as to leave a rough jagged end or projections.
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 21 The oars are cleene splintred. 1593Nashe Christ's T. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 53 My leane withered hands..are all to shiuered and splinterd in their wide cases of skinne. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v. Engagement, This mutual assault..: battering, penetrating, and splintering the sides and decks. 1806Monthly Mag. XXI. 403 A strong bull..splintered with his horns the upper post. 1867Trollope Chron. Barset II. lxxvii. 325 The trees that the storms have splintered are never of use. 1898Wollocombe Fr. Morn till Eve v. 48 The top of the pole..had been splintered, and was held together by a very thin shred.
b. fig. and in fig. context.
1603Shakes. Ham. iii. i. 159 (Q.1), The Courtier, Scholler, Souldier, all in him, All dasht and splinterd thence. 1849M. Arnold Mycerinus 99 While the deep-burnish'd foliage overhead Splinter'd the silver arrows of the moon. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 18 [He] sought To make disruption in the Table Round Of Arthur, and to splinter it into feuds.
c. To bring or cause to fall down, to break off or rend from, in splinters.
1807J. Barlow Columb. vii. 230 High from the decks the mortar's bursting fires Sweep the full streets, and splinter down the spires. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Eur. (1894) xiii. 320 Long lines of the débris that have been splintered by frost from the higher wall [of rock].
d. To form by shivering or splitting.
1878Browning La Saisiaz 7 Five short days, sufficient hardly to entice, from out its den Splintered in the slab, this pink perfection of the cyclamen.
†2. To bind, fix, or secure by means of a splint or splints; = splint v. 2. Freq. fig. Also with up. Obs.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, ii. ii. 118 The broken rancour of your high-swolne hates, But lately splinter'd, knit, and ioyn'd together. 1623Fletcher & Rowley Maid in Mill i. iii, Those men have broken credits, Loose and dismembred faiths..That splinter 'em with vows. 1659Bp. Wren Monarchy Asserted 148 That Place, which I find..so strangely shattered, that it will be very hard for Me to Splinter up the broken confused Pieces of it. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton iv. (1840) 73 As to his arm, he found one of the bones broken;..and this he set, and splintered it up, and bound his arm in a sling.
3. a. intr. To split; to break, burst, or fly into or to splinters or fragments; to come away in splinters.
1625Sir J. Glanville Voy. Cadiz (Camden) 48 This forte was built of a kinde of stone not apt to splinter. 1802Aikin Woodl. Comp. (1815) 5 Oak-timber is fitted for this purpose [i.e. shipbuilding],..by the property of not readily splintering. a1832Crabbe Posth. Tales x. 97 The dry boughs splinter in the windy gale. 1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. ii. 99 When heated, it [i.e. anthracite] splinters into small fragments. 1886G. R. Sims Ring o' Bells i. i. 42 The boy..tugged at the iron ring till the rotten woodwork splintered away from the bolt.
b. poet. To pierce through in the form of, or after the manner of, splinters.
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 80 Stronger lightnings splinter through the cloud. Ibid. 213 The moon..Splinters through the broken glass.
c. fig. To break off to form a splinter group or groups; loosely, to divide or split. Also with off.
1967M. L. King Trumpet of Conscience iii. 49 Under the impact of social forces unique to their times, young people have splintered into three principal groups, though of course there is some overlap among the three. 1972Guardian 11 Jan. 9/1 Later Frank Ashbourn joined them..and in May 1970 he and Mersh splintered off to form South Sea Bubble. 1976Oxford Diocesan Mag. July 11/1 But the village's young people, distressed at seeing the parishioners splinter off to other towns for church, asked to hold the new prayer assembly in place of Mass. |