| 释义 |
Crow, n.4 and a.|krəʊ|
[See quot. 1935.]
A. n.
1. A North American Indian people formerly inhabiting the regions of the Yellowstone and Wind rivers, now occupying a reservation in Montana; a member of this people.
2. The language of this people, belonging to the Siouan stock.
1801P. Fidler in Amer. Heritage Bk. of Indians (1961) 324 (legend on map) Is.sap.poo. Crow mountain Indians. 1812J. C. Luttig Jrnl. 17 Sept. in Jrnl. Fur-trad. Exped. (1920) 78 Lecomte..asked them what Nation they were, they answered Crows. 1846W. G. D. Stewart Altowan I. viii. 207 The language used was Crow. 1857C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. iv. 101, I got it in fair fight..by a Crow's tomahawk in the Rocky Mountains. 1877L. H. Morgan Ancient Soc. iii. iii. 440 In Crow my husband's brother's wife is ‘my comrade’. 1894Outing (U.S.) May 89/1 Our name ‘Crow’ for this large and flourishing tribe of Indians..is a translation of their own totemic name Ab-sár-ra-ké, or Ap-sar-ro-ke. 1900Knowledge 2 July 153/2 Among the other Atlantic stocks are..the Siouans, some of the most famous tribes of the latter being the Sioux or Dakotas, and the Crows. 1907F. W. Hodge Amer. Indians I. 367/2 Crows (trans., through French gens des corbeaux, of their own name, Absároke, crow, sparrowhawk, or bird people). A Siouan tribe forming part of the Hidatsa group.
B. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to this people or their language.
1804W. Clark Jrnl. 12 Oct. in Lewis & Clark Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1904) I. 189 The Chien..or Dog Indians..[are] at war with the Crow Indians. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville II. 29 Fitzpatrick..succeeded in prevailing upon the Crow chieftain to return him his horses. 1935R. H. Lowie Crow Indians 3 The Crow name for themselves is ‘Apsāruke’, which early interpreters mistranslated as ‘gens de corbeaux’, ‘Crow (or Kite) Indians’. To me the word was explained as the name of a bird no longer to be seen in the country. The squaw-man Leforge defines it as ‘a peculiar kind of forked-tail bird resembling the blue jay or magpie’ which tradition assigns to the fauna of eastern Nebraska and Kansas at the time the Crow lived there. Apart from this fanciful localization, his and my data thus agree well enough. 1969W. K. Powers Indians of Northern Plains 246 The Crow hold their annual Sun dance at Lodge Grass, Montana, in June, and the Crow Indian Fair and Rodeo at Crow Agency, Montana, in August.
2. Crow-type or Crow system, etc.: a type of kinship terminology, typical of societies with matrilineages, in which sisters and female cousins are classified under three terms, one applied to sister and mother's sister's daughter, another to mother's brother's daughter (and brother's daughter), and the third to father's sister's daughter (and her mother and daughter).
1925L. Spier in Univ. Washington Publ. Anthropol. I. ii. 73 II. Crow Type. In this system the father's sister is an ‘aunt’ and her female descendants through females are ‘aunts’! 1949F. Eggan in M. Fortes Social Structure 122 They [sc. the Hopi] possess a majority of features associated with the classic Crow type. 1964F. G. Lounsbury in W. H. Goodenough Explor. Cult. Anthropol. 351 A formal account of the Crow- and Omaha-type kinship terminologies. 1968Internat. Encycl. Social Sci. VIII. 396 Their kinship systems [i.e., those of ‘the tribes of the Prairie Plains’] were also ‘classificatory’, in that lineal and collateral relatives were merged in the terminology, but they utilized the lineage principle to provide a wide extension to the system. There were two subtypes: (a) the ‘Omaha’ system, associated with patrilineal descent, and (b) the ‘Crow’ system, associated with matrilineal descent. |