| 释义 |
▪ I. croup, croupe, n.1|kruːp|
Forms: 4– croupe, 7– croup; also 5 crowpe, kroupe, crupe, 5–6 crope, 6 crowp, croope, 7–9 croop, crup.
[a. F. croupe (in 11–12th c. crope, crupe), Pr. cropa; of Teutonic origin: cf. crop n.]
1. The rump or hind-quarters of a beast, esp. of a horse or other beast of burden.
c1300K. Alis. 2447 Tyberye..hutte Salome with his spere, That of the sadel he gan him beore, Over the croupe to the grounde. c1386Chaucer Friar's T. 261 This carter thakketh his hors upon the croupe. c1450Merlin 118 The kynge loth was so astonyed that he fley ouer his horse crowpe. a1533Ld. Berners Huon I. 169 Huon lept vp on his crope [ed. 1601 backe]. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 896/2 Certeine prelats, whom..they set vpon asses and leane mules, and with their faces reuersed to the crowp of the beasts. 1676Lond. Gaz. No. 1090/4 A Red Roan Gelding..having a small black List over the Withers, and down the Crup. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. i. i. 250 The Spanish genette..the croup round and large. 1808Scott Marm. v. xii, So light to the croupe the fair lady he swung. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 74 The crupper..should admit the breadth of the hand between it and the croup of the horse. 1872Lever Ld. Kilgobbin xix. (1875) 118 A small bog-boy [was] mounted on the croop behind.
†b. in croup [F. en croupe]: upon the croup (of a horse). Obs.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Porter en crope, to haue one behynd him on horse-backe, to beare in croupe. a1676Sir E. Walker Hist. Disc. (1705) 95 Our Horse taking up the Musquetiers in Croup. [1820Scott Monast. xxix, Preparing to resume her seat en croupe.]
c. humorously. The rump, posteriors.
c1475Hunt. Hare 208 Thus sone won hit hym [a man] on the crope. 1664Cotton Scarron. (1692) 37 (D.) Till I had almost gauled my crup. 1678Butler Hud. iii. i. 1560 But found..his Croop, Unserviceable with Kicks and Blows Receiv'd from hardned-hearted Foes.
2. (crup). The hinder end of a saddle. rare.
1869G. Berkeley Tales Life & Death II. 244 Which he tied in a little leather sort of valise, made for the purpose, at the crup of his saddle.
3. attrib.
1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2155/4 A croop Saddle and Bridle.
▪ II. croup, n.2|kruːp|
[f. croup v.1, lit. a hoarse croaking.]
1. An inflammatory disease of the larynx and trachea of children, marked by a peculiar sharp ringing cough, and frequently proving fatal in a short time.
Croup was the popular name in the south-east of Scotland, and was introduced into medical use by Prof. Francis Home of Edinburgh in 1765.
1765F. Home (title), An Inquiry into the nature, cause, and cure of the Croup. 1781Mrs. Delany Corr. 20 June. 1796Hull Advertiser 19 Mar. 2/4 Seven children have lately fallen victims at Highgate to a disorder called the croup. 1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 286 The term croup is applied to laryngitis with fibrinous exudation, and it has also been applied to simple laryngitis and to a non-inflammatory affection, namely, spasm of the glottis, occurring in children.
2. The local name of the Northumbrian ‘burr’ or utterance of r grasseyé, with the peculiar modification of pronunciation which it causes.
Mod. (Said by one Northumbrian of another at a Scotch fair) ‘That man is from the English side, he has the croup.’ (Scotch Shepherd) ‘Hoot na! it's only the burr’.
3. Comb., as croup-like adj.; croup-kettle = bronchitis kettle.
1799T. Beddoes Contrib. Phys. & Med. Knowl. 443 Breathing..with such difficulty and croup-like noise, etc. a1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Croup kettle, a small kettle and alcohol lamp for quickly raising a steam for inhalation in cases of croup. 1889‘Mark Twain’ Yankee xl. 516, I rousted out the croup-kettle myself; for I don't sit down and wait for doctors. 1961Brit. Med. Dict. 790/2 Bronchitis kettle..; called also croup kettle.
▪ III. croup, n.3
Short for croupier.
1794Sporting Mag. IV. 43 The croup shuffles another pack in the mean time.
▪ IV. croup, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.|kruːp|
Also 6–7 crowp, 7–9 croop(e, 9 dial. crowp.
[This and the synonymous croape are app. of imitative origin, having associations with crow, croak, and with an earlier northern verb roup, rope, to call, shout, cry hoarsely, f. ON. hrópja.]
1. intr. To cry hoarsely; to croak as a raven, frog, crane, etc.
1513Douglas æneis vii. Prol. 119 Palamedes byrdis crouping in the sky. 1584T. Hudson Judith in Sylvester's Du Bartas (1621) 711 And crowping frogs like fishes there doth swarme. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 25 If the little Frogs croope more than ordinarie. 1654Trapp Comm. Ps. xiv. 11 As the Raven is said to have crouped from the Capitol when Augustus came to the Empire. 1804W. Tarras Poems 44 (Jam.) Ye croopin corbies. 1847–78Halliwell, Croup, to croak. North. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., To crowp, to grunt or grumble..‘A crowping’, that..subdued croaking heard in the bowels from flatulence.
2. ‘To speak hoarsely, as one does under the effects of cold’ (Jamieson).
3. To make the characteristic hoarse ringing cough of the disease called croup.
1801Med. Jrnl. V. 518 An infant..was heard several times to croup; and its breathing became difficult.
4. To pronounce a rough uvular r (r grasseyé); to have the Northumberland ‘burr’. (The local expression for this; pron. |kʀup|.)
Mod. He croups like a Newcastle man.
▪ V. † croup, v.2 Obs.
[from croupier: cf. croup n.3]
trans. To second or back up (a gamester).
1728Vanbr. & Cibber Prov. Husb. ii. i, I have a game in my hand, in which, if you'll croup me, that is, help me to play it, you shall go five hundred to nothing.
▪ VI. croup, -e
obs. pa. tense of creep. |