| 释义 |
absolutist, n. and a.|ˈæbsəljuːtɪst|
[f. absolute a. + -ist; after mod.Fr. absolutiste.]
A. n. An adherent or partisan of absolutism.
1. Pol. One who is in favour of an absolute government.
1830Gen. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 300 Absolutists and priests may rail. 1866Motley Dutch Rep. ii. i. 127 [Cardinal Granvelle] was a strict absolutist..His deference to arbitrary power was profound and slavish. 1879tr. Busch's Bismarck II. 286 A kindly, upright, and sensibly conducted absolutism is the best form of government..But we have no longer any thorough-going Absolutists.
2. a. Metaph. One who maintains the absolute identity of subject and object.
1856Ferrier Inst. Metaph. 169 Out of this question..came the whole philosophy of the Alexandrian absolutists. 1859Sir W. Hamilton Lect. Metaph. II. xxiii. 79 The materialist may now derive the subject from the object, the idealist derive the object from the subject, the absolutist sublimate both into indifference. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. (1875) i. iii. §20. 65 On this ‘primitive dualism of consciousness’..Mr. Mansel founds his refutation of the German absolutists.
b. Philos. One who maintains that absolute certainty, or some other absolute, is attainable.
1896W. James Will to Believe (1897) 12 The absolutists in this matter say that we not only can attain to knowing truth, but we can know when we have attained to knowing it. Ibid. 14 We are all such absolutists by instinct.
B. adj.
1. [The n. used attributively.] Practising or supporting absolutism in government; despotic.
1837Gen. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 241 Imagine that the Tories had undertaken to conduct an interference in favour of absolutist principles. 1838Ibid. IV. 337 The absolutist powers will take it up next. 1850Mazzini Royalty & Repub. 182 A pretext for the machinations of absolutist governments. 1880E. Peacock in Academy 28 Aug. 145 This absolutist tradition derived from the flatterers of Henry VIII.
2. Philos. Of or pertaining to absolutism or absolutists.
1884W. James Ess. Radical Empiricism (1912) xii. 273 Fact holds out blankly, brutally and blindly, against that universal deliquescence of everything into logical relations which the Absolutist Logic demands. 1896― Will to Believe (1897) 12 We may talk of the empiricist way and of the absolutist way of believing in truth. 1936A. J. Ayer Lang., Truth & Logic vi. 106 The ‘absolutist’ view of ethics—that is, the view that statements of value are not controlled by observation..but only by a mysterious ‘intellectual intuition’. |