| 释义 |
▪ I. spite, n.|spaɪt|
Forms: α. 4, 6 spyt, 4–6 (8) spyte (5 spyyte, spytte); 4– spite (4 spitt, 5 spit, 6 spiet). β. 6–9 spight (6 spighte).
[Aphetic form of despite n. (OF. despit), corresponding to MDu. (and Du.) spijt (WFris. spyt), MLG. spyt, spît (LG. spīt, NFris. spīt, spīd), MSw. spīt. The spelling spight, on the analogy of native words in -ight, was common from c 1575 to 1700 both in the simple word and derivatives.]
†1. Action arising from, or displaying, hostile or malignant feeling; outrage, injury, harm; insult, reproach. Obs. (Cf. despite n. 2 and 3.)
a. In the phr. to do (one) spite or a spite.
a1300Cursor M. 15568 Þou sal þam se yeitt to night do me ful gret spite. 13..Ibid. 7725 (Gött.), Godd it forbede, þat þu..euer him do spitt or schame. c1380Sir Ferumb. 686 Þou hast y-lyued þy lif to longe, to do me such a spyte. a1533Ld. Berners Huon l. 169 To do hym the more spyte I shall make lyes ynowe. 1589R. Robinson Gold. Mirr. (1851) 18 He piteis people poore that weepe, When wrong hath done them spite. 1636B. Jonson Discov. Wks. (1692) 694 It is as great a spite to be praised in the wrong place,..as can be done to a noble nature. 1658Whole Duty of Man xi. §7. 231 Men will make..spoile of the goods of one, to whom they bear a grudg, though they never designe to get any thing to themselves by it, but only the pleasure of doing a spight to the other.
b. In other contexts.
13..Gaw & Gr. Knt. 1444 Þre at þe fyrst þrast he þryȝt to þe erþe, & sped hym forth good sped, boute spyt more. a1400Amis & Amil. 1594 It is gret spite to al mi kende. c1440Promp. Parv. 469 Spyyte, repref or schame,..obprobrium. 1449Rolls of Parlt. V. 148/1 Not oonly..to the irreparable hurt,..but also a everlastyng spite, and perpetuell denigration in the fame..of this noble Reme. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Gal. 21, I carie about in my bodye all the spite, that I haue for Christe sustayned, as emprisonmentes, scourgynges [etc.]. 1596Drayton Legends i. 653 To make Time worke him everlasting spight. 1615Chapman Odyss. x. 181 Two days, two nights, We lay here pining in the fatal spights Of toil and sorrow. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. vii. lviii, His Will his Law, he weigh'd not wrong or right; Much scorn'd to bear, much more forgive a spight.
2. a. A strong feeling of († contempt,) hatred or ill-will; intense grudge or desire to injure; rancorous or envious malice. (Cf. despite n. 4.)
αc1330Arth. & Merl. 3135 (Kölbing), King Lot..& oþer of priss Of his ȝiftes spite hadden. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 755, I schal my þro steke, & spare spakly of spyt..& my rankor refrayne. c1400Destr. Troy 12093 He besit hym..þe burde for to seche,..Till he aspiet hir with spit..Doune in a dungion. a1425Cursor M. 2610 (Trin.), Greet spit she leteþ bi me. Ibid. 4619 Nay sir he seide take not to spit. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 301 b, With all spyte & disdayne, cryenge moost outrageously Crucifigatur. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. viii. 42 This Poet being full of poeticall spyte and indignation. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. i. vi, Sing what thou list, be it of Cupids spite (Ah lovely spite, and spitefull lovelinesse!) 1667Milton P. L. ix. 178 Whom us the more to spite his Maker rais'd From dust: spite then with spite is best repaid. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Epist. i. xiv. 54 None there with Eye askance my Pleasures views, With Hatred dark, or poison'd Spite pursues. 1765Gray Shaks. 5 Much have I borne from canker'd critic's spite. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 79 He knew..what all this liberality meant. It was mere Whiggish spite to himself and his religion. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) II. App. 677 He at least has no spite against Harold.
Comb.1592Nashe P. Penilesse 14 b, Assemble the famous men of all ages, and tel me which of them all sate in the sun⁓shine of his soueraignes grace..but he was spiteblasted, heaued at, & ill spoken of.
β1577St. Aug. Manual (Longman) 45 Let the devils then doe their spight. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. ii. Imposture 54 Hate, Pride, and Envious spight, His hellish life do torture day and night. 1642–4Vicars God in Mount 64 The poysonous malice and incorrigible spight and splene of the malignant partie. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 234 Nothing but his spight against the Nonconformists. 1729Law Serious C. 396 They are no foundation for envy or spight or hatred. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. IV. 198 An ape..stamping with its feet..to show its spight.
b. In the phrases for spite (also † of spite) or in spite.
(a)a1400Morte Arth. 270, I myght noghte speke for spytte, so my herte trymblyde! a1400–50Alexander 745 Quen he had spokin so, for spyte he spittis in his face. 1559Mirr. Mag., Salisbury xxiii, To take his towne of Yvery, which of spight Did to vs dayly al the harme they might. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xiii. 64 [They] hangit vp for spyte twa theuis besyde him. 1652Culpepper Eng. Physic. 75 The Root was longer until the D—l (as the Fryars say) bit away the rest for spight envying its usefulness unto mankinde. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 216 Still so perverse and opposite, As if they worshipp'd God for spight. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vi. 194 Anything to quarrel with one! anything for spite!
(b)1565J. Hall Crt. Virtue 30 Why should they saye to vs in spighte, Where is their God? 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxii. (1611) 390 Some in disdaine and spite termed grace drunkennesse. 1657Trapp Comm. Ezra i. 5 Julian the Apostate once did [encourage the Jews] in spight to the Christians, but it came to nothing. 1680Morden Geog. Rect., France (1685) 161 Arlet the Skinners Daughter, of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror; in spight to whom, and disgrace to his Mother, the English call Whores, Harlots. 1842Tennyson Dora 37 And half in love, half spite, he..wed A labourer's daughter.
c. fig. Of fortune, nature, the elements, etc.
1562W. Bullein Bulwarke, Bk. Sicke Men 77 b, With a lustie manly courage he defied the spight of Fortune. 1595T. P. Goodwine Blanchardyn I iv b, Since..fortune hath spit her deadly spight. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 466 A certaine peculiar spite and envie of Nature. 1616B. Jonson Forest xi. 830 To know vice well, And her blacke Spight expell. 1627May Lucan ii. 264 Windes rage, and Thunders spight, Plaine grounds must suffer. 1708Ozell tr. Boileau's Lutrin 54 The wormy boards, by Time's corroding Spight disjoin'd. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxxvii, Ourself the cause, through fortune's spite, That once broke short that spousal rite.
d. spite fence, a wall, fence, etc., erected with the intention of causing annoyance. orig. and chiefly U.S.
1899Everybody's Mag. I. 70/2 Meanwhile an ordinance was passed making the building of spite fences illegal. 1928Hearst's Internat. Aug. 89/2 For the full depth of the boundary ran a tall fence of unpainted boards set upright. This fence was fully eighteen feet high. It was what is known as a spite-fence. 1957R. V. Heuston Salmond on Torts (ed. 12) v. 201 An occupier of land is free to erect a wall or fence with the sole object of blocking his neighbour's view, or preventing him from acquiring an easement of light—a ‘spite-fence’ as it is sometimes called. 1977New Yorker 23 May 50/3 To gain privacy from the street, he put up a nine-foot wall, which one of his neighbors, interpreting it as a spite fence, sued unsuccessfully to have removed.
3. a. With a and pl. A particular instance of malignant or rancorous feeling directed towards a special object. Freq. in phr. to have a spite at.
a1400Sir Degrev. 101 There wonede an eorl.., a lord of mochelle pryd,..He hade a grete spyt of the knyght. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 78 This is not the opinion of one, for some priuate spite, but the iudgement of all. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 204 But where a spight Of force must bee, What is that wight May disagree? 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 12 Oh, saith one, this Preacher..hath some spight at me. 1663Bp. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xxiv, He bears an ill will to us, and owes us a spite. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. i, Being afraid the boy might owe me a spite. 1849Cupples Green Hand vi. (1856) 63 The mystery to her always is why the neighbours had a spite at me. 1890Spectator 11 Jan., In a battle of sterile spites with the French people.
b. A mood or humour. rare—1.
1723Swift Stella at Wood Park 1 Don Carlos, in a merry Spight, Did Stella to his House invite.
†4.
a. Matter for regret. Obs.—1
c1400Rom. Rose 7254 It is gret pite, out of drede, For they wole be noon ypocritis. Of hem me thynketh (it) gret spite is.
†b. An annoying matter, affair, or thing. Obs.
1577–82Breton Toyes Idle Head Wks. (Grosart) I. 54/2 My Lady lawght: Is loue, quod she, A spight and sporte, to both at ones? 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. iii, I ha' no bootes, that's the spight on't. 1606Choice, Chance, etc. (1881) 48 What a spight it was to see a horse of service drawe in a doung-carte. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. i. 34 But now the Spight is, that an unparallel'd Critick in Antiquity, leaves this Patrick at this time sweating in the Irish Harvest.
†c. A feeling of annoyance or irritation. Obs.
a1586Sidney Arcadia v. (1598) 443 She ioyned the vexation for her friend, with the spite to see her selfe as she thought rebelliously detained. 1670Temple Let. Sir J. Trevor Wks. 1720 II. 233 After this I waited with great Spight and Impatience..about five Hours.
5. a. phr. in spite of, in defiance († scorn or contempt) of; in the face of; notwithstanding. (Cf. despite n. 5.)
αc1400Destr. Troy 1968 But for noy of my nobilte & my nome gret, I shuld..spede the to spille in spite of þi kynge. 1563Mirr. Mag., Blacke Smyth & Ld. Awdeley lx, He dyed, Clad in his cote armor paynted all in paper, Al torne and reversed in spyte of his behaver. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 113 In spite both of him and his Legate, they kept company with them that were excommunicate. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 232 They..said, that the Scripture must be beleeved, in spite of all Cosmographers and Philosophers. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 36 He told us that the arrows would fight together in spite of us. 1711Steele Spect. No. 79 ⁋1 The Heart of Man deceives him in spite of the Lectures of half a Life. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 266 They grow poor, in spite of all possible industry. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xx, The tears, in spite of her, forced their way between her fingers. c1853Kingsley Misc. (1859) I. 15 The English are attacked treacherously in spite of solemn compacts. 1881Walford Dick Netherby xxi, I'll go on my own way in spite of you all.
β1576Gascoigne Steele Gl. (Arb.) 49 This worthy bird hath taught my weary Muze To sing a song, in spight of their despight. 1581G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iii. (1586) 129 b, The wife in spight of the husband, gave halfe the meate..to a poore bodie. 1627Drayton Agincourt, etc. 89 In spight of Fate they'll giue their Foe the worse. 1666Boyle Orig. Forms & Qual. 165 The Water will, in spight of the Form, continue far lesse cold, then..its nature requires. 1702Rowe Tamerl. Prol., In spight of Time, the Sacred Story lives. 1762Gentl. Mag. XXXII. 217/2 The benefits of innoculation have established the practice in spight of all opposition. 1816F. H. Naylor Hist. Germany I. i. i. 16 In spight of their efforts.
b. In phrases with † face, † heart, † nose, teeth. (Cf. 6 b.)
14..in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 108 They schall askape in spyte of thi face. 1549[see tooth n. 5]. 1570–[see nose n. 6 b]. 1574tr. Marlorat's Apocalips 13 Euen in spight of their harts they saw Christ sitting at the right hand of God. 1622Gataker Spir. Watch (ed. 2) 73 It would euen enforce them to looke about them in spight of their teeth. 1689–1835 [see tooth n. 5].
c. In the phr. in spite of spite. Now arch.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxvi. (1612) 172 In spight of Spight in Hespera I golden fruit would pull. 1622Wither Philarete N vij, Those that sleight thee now, shall loue thee, And, in spight of spight, approue thee. 1855Tennyson Maud i. xiii. i, His face, as I grant, in spite of spite, Has a broad-blown comeliness.
†d. in (one's) spite, = in spite of (one). Obs.
1615Chapman Odyss. x. 382 Ile guard thee free, And saue thee in her spite. 1709Pope Ess. Crit. 34 Mævius scribbles in Apollo's spight. 1732― Ess. Man i. 285 In erring reason's spight One truth is clear; Whatever Is, is Right. 1765Goldsm. New Simile 4 The modern scribbling kind, who write In wit, and sense, and nature's spite.
†e. in the spite of, in spite of. Obs.
1632Sanderson Serm. 546 In the spight of so many enemies. 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. III. 92 In the sight and spight of the Scotch Forces, under Cardinal Beton.
6. a. spite of, = prec. (Cf. despite n. 6.)
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xix. (Percy Soc.) 96 Spyte of your enemyes, I shal me so spede, That in short tyme ye may rewarde my mede. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cvii, Death to me subscribes; Since spight of him Ile liue in this poore rime. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. i. 565 For, spight of him, the weight of Business fell On Absalom, and wise Achitophel. 1761F. Sheridan Sidney Biddulph II. 167 Her surprize, spite of her assumed airs of grandeur, was not to be concealed. 1823Bentham Not Paul 168 Spite of reason, religion, and Jesus, the victory is, in this account, given to James. a1873Deutsch Lit. Rem. (1874) 366 That stamp of unity which it now possesses, spite of the occasional difference of style.
†b. In phrases (cf. 5 b and 5 c). Obs.
1526Rastell in Shaks. Jest Bk. (1866) 45 He agayn said he wold bryng them ouer spyte of his teth. 1532Tindale Expos. v-vii. Matt. (1550) 39 b, To obeye theyr cruelnesse and tyrannye spite of their heades. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 130 Least..it noieth or perisheth, spight of thy hart. 1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 10 Satisfaction and restitution will be demaunded,..spite of their teeths. Ibid. 341 [The Jesuits] shall be lanced into the quicke, spite of spite it selfe. 1618R. Brathwait Rem. after Death E vij, To such an one as sole executour, Spite of our nose playes Executioner. 1664–75[see nose n. 6 b].
c. With of omitted. (Cf. despite n. 6.)
1878S. Phillips On Seaboard 62 Spite dark Torquemada and his hecatombs of slain, Spite Te Deums sung by Tiber side for murder on the Seine.
▪ II. spite, v.|spaɪt|
Also 6 spyte, 6–8 spight.
[Aphetic form of despite v. (OF. despiter): cf. prec. and MDu. spīten (Du. spijten, WFris. spite), MLG. spîten.]
†1. trans. To regard with contempt or spite.
a1400–50Alexander 2346 Þire athils of Atenes..kest vp a crie,..Sum in comending of his carpe & on [read oþer] clene it spitid. 1483Cath. Angl. 355/2 To spite, despicere. 1541Paynell Catiline v. 9 It doth not a lyttel helpe.., that the ryches of these men is spyted amonge strange nations. 1567Drant Horace, Ep. i. xiv. E v, Not any there with waywarde eyes for my good lucke shal spyte me. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster v. iii. (1905) 121 While these..applaud my poemes; I would not wish but such as you should spight them. 1659N. R. Prov., Eng. Fr., etc. 64 It is better to be spited then pitied. 1690Norris Beatitudes (1694) I. 185 Envy, which, indeed, spites every thing that is excellent.
2. To treat spitefully or maliciously; to annoy or thwart in a spiteful manner.
It is doubtful whether the pa. pple. spit in the Destr. Troy 2114 belongs here.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iv. v. 55 Beguild, diuorced, wronged, spighted, slaine, Most detestable death, by thee beguil'd. 1598R. Bernard tr. Terence (1607) 139 They spighted me miserably. 1658Whole Duty of Man xvi. 133 Not caring what they suffer themselves, so they may spite their enemy. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugger ii. i. 7, I should be sorry to say anything about spiting the Spitalfields weavers. 1864G. W. Dasent Jest & Earnest (1873) I. 161 You have been spited by the Kellner, whom you have perhaps not saluted that day... You have been spited, and only had a little piece. 1885Manch. Exam. 26 June 5/3 The double object of gratifying themselves and spiting the English.
b. In the phr. to spite (one), in order to vent spite or spleen upon (another); with the object or intention of vexing or annoying.
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 209 For nothing else but to spight the Pope. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. i. 111, I am recklesse what I doe, To spight the World. 1683Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 72 Thanksgiving day: appointed I presume on that day to spite the Presbyterians. 1880‘Ouida’ Moths I. 31 I'll keep the child to spite her. 1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay xi, I don't fancy Deering will cut off his nose to spite his face.
3. To fill with spite or vexation; to annoy, offend, irritate.
c1563Jack Juggler C iv b, It spiteth my hart to haue lost it by suche open negligence. 1581G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i. (1586) 41 b, There is nothing spites us more, than to heare a man commend himselfe. 1627Lisander & Cal. ii. 26 He..was justly spighted to see as well his brother as all the rest take them to their advantage. 1686F. Spence tr. Varilla's Ho. Medicis 293 It spighted him infinitely, when people discoursed him upon the modesty of his ancestors. 1701Swift Contests Nobles & Comm. Wks. 1755 II. i. 27 The nobles, spighted at this indignity done them by the commons, firmly united in a body. 1756Home Douglas iii. i, One whom distress has spited at the world. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf xvi, The danger of intrusting thyself..in the power of one so spited against humanity. 1865Le Fanu Guy Dev. III. v. 50 She was spited with it, as so many others are, because it won't do for us what we must do for ourselves.
†4. intr. To be angry or annoyed; to cherish spite. Obs.
c1560Ingelend Disobed. Child D j b, Wherfore let my father spyte and spurne, My fantasye wyll neuer turne. 1577Tusser Husb. (1878) 188 Let fortune spight, and boldly take thine ease. 1579–80North Plutarch, Fabius Max. (1895) II. 80 This Livius spighted to see suche honour done to Fabius, so that one day..he burst out and said [etc.].
†b. With at (a person or thing). Obs.
1567–8Gismond of Salerne i. iii. 16 It was my cruel fate that spited at my pleasant life forepast. 1581A. Hall Iliad ix. 164 Wherat my mother spited much, and eke did iealous grow. 1616Breton Good & Badde, An Atheist Wks. (Grosart) II. 10/2 He spightes at the gracious, and spurnes the godly. 1641Prynne Antipathie 42 In this Bishops time, the Italians had gotten many Benefices in England, who being much spited at [etc.].
Hence ˈspited ppl. a., ˈspiting vbl. n.
c1460Towneley Myst. xxiv. 286 Wyst I that he spake it in spytyng of me Tytt shuld I spede forto spyll hym. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 159 Not minding by writing to kindle a spiting. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. II. 423 A Pattern of reproached and spighted Innocence. |