| 释义 |
▪ I. absent, a. and n.|ˈæbsənt|
[a. Fr. absent, refashioned from OFr. ausent:—L. absent-em pr. pple. of ab-sum, ab-esse to be away.]
A. adj.
1. Being away, withdrawn from, or not present (at a place).
1382Wyclif Deut. xxix. 15 Ne to ȝou alone I this covenaunt smyte, and thes oothes conferme, but to all present & absent. c1440Gesta Rom. i. vii. 16 And while (the serpent) was absent, ther com a toode, and entrid into the nest. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. iii. 156 With this she fell distract, And (her Attendants absent) swallow'd fire. 1716–18Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. I. xi. 37 I know that you can think of an absent friend even in the midst of a court. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 152 ⁋13 Letters are written..to preserve in the minds of the absent either love or esteem. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 485 Absent officers were summoned to join their corps.
2. Of things: Withdrawn; wanting, not existing.
1718Pope Iliad viii. 633 Let numerous fires the absent sun supply. 1810Coleridge Friend (1865) 94 The reason is either lost or not lost, that is, wholly present or wholly absent. 1847Carpenter Zool. II. §523 In fishes the ribs are sometimes entirely absent. 1860Tyndall Glaciers ii. §17. 324 Crevasses..are almost totally absent at the opposite side of the glacier.
3. Of time: Not present, distant, afar off.
1535Coverdale Is. xiii. 21 And as for Babilons tyme, it is at honde, & hir dayes maye not be longe absent.
4. Absent-minded; paying no attention to, and receiving no impression from, present objects or events.
1710Steele Spectator No. 30 ⁋4 The whole assembly is made up of absent men, that is, of such persons as have lost their locality, & whose minds and bodies never keep company with one another. 1761Smollett Gil Blas (1802) III. viii. xiii. 39, I lost all my gaiety, became absent and thoughtful; in a word, a miserable animal. 1875P. G. Hamerton Intell. Life xi. v. 429 Deep thinkers are notoriously absent, for thought requires abstraction from what surrounds us.
†B. n. One who is absent, an absentee. Obs.
c1425Wyntown Cronykyl vii. viii. 200 Þe Byschapys þat þare ware, Of þa Absentis had na poware For til mak awnser. 1535–75Abp. Parker Corresp. 308 How many be resident..& in what place and calling the Absents do dwell. 1699Burnet 39 Articles (1700) xxviii. 341 Some parts of the Elements were sent to the absents, to those in Prison, and particularly to the sick. 1702Edmund Gibson Schedule Review'd 27 The Absents lose their Right of Voting.
C. Comb. absent healing, the healing of sickness by a spiritualist medium who is not present with the patient; contrasted with contact healing s.v. contact n. 6 a; absent-minded, a. pre-occupied, = absent a. 4; absent-mindedly, adv. in a pre-occupied manner, without active attention, = absently; absent-mindedness, pre-occupation, = absence 3; absent voter, one authorized because of special circumstances to vote (by post, etc.) at a general election though absent at the time from the ordinary place of voting; hence absent vote, a vote so authorized (cf. absentee 1 b).
1906H. W. Dresser Health & Inner Life ix. 218 Oftentimes *absent healing is very effective,—occasionally more successful than present treatment. 1945,1956[see contact healing s.v. contact n. 6 a]. 1973Spiritualist News Dec. 2/4 (Advt.), Nerves, ulcers... All complaints. Absent Healing. 1854Thoreau Walden 184 Dreaming and *absent-minded all the way. 1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. iv. 115 Very absent-minded persons in going to their bedroom to dress for dinner have been known to take off one garment after another and finally to get into bed. 1881H. James, jun. Portr. Lady xxxvi. in Macm. Mag. XLIV. 91 ‘Do you believe him?’ Osmond asked, *absent-mindedly. 1879Calderwood Mind & Brain 274 When so occupied a person is readily charged with *absent-mindedness, and his look conveys the impression of remoteness from present influences. 1925Hansard Commons Ser. 5, CLXXXIII. 1355, I do not see any need for imposing as a condition for receiving the benefit of an *absent vote the necessity of being habitually engaged in an employment which compels a man to be away from his place of residence for a period of not less than 10 days in each month. 1918Act 8 Geo. V c. 64, sched. 1, §16 The registration officer, if satisfied that there is a probability that the claimant, by reason of the nature of his occupation, service, or employment, may be debarred from voting at a poll at parliamentary elections held during the time the register is in force, shall place the claimant (if registered) on the *absent voters list.
▪ II. absent, v.|æbˈsɛnt|
[a. Fr. absente-r, ad. L. absentā-re to keep away; f. absent-em; see absent a.]
†1. trans. To keep away, detain or withhold from being present. Obs.
1530Palsgr. 415, I absente farre out of presence, Je esloyngne; I absent or kepe out of sight, Je absente. 1557Surrey Aeneid iv. 908 And cruel so absentest me from thy death. 1580Sidney Arcadia i. 5 They absented his eyes from beholding the issue. 1678Marvell Growth of Popery 28 The other, the honester Fellow it seems of the two, only was absented.
b. refl. To keep or withdraw (oneself) away.
a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 1434 From his cure he hym absentethe. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cclxii. 342 The quene with the prynce was in the north, and absented her from the kynge. 1602Shakes. Ham. v. ii. 358 If thou did'st euer hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from felicitie awhile. 1786T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 47, I..hope that I may be permitted at times to absent myself from this place. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 378 The Club attempted to induce the advocates to absent themselves from the bar.
†2. intr. To be or stay away; to withdraw.
c1400Rom. Rose 4914 Though for a tyme his herte absente, It may not fayle, he shal repente. 1681R. Knox Hist. Rel. Ceylon 137 Then we were bidden to absent, while they returned our answers to the King. 1709in Strype Ann. Ref. xxix. 300 Many absented this afternoon, appearing neither in person nor proxy.
†3. trans. (by omission of from; cf. avoid). To leave. Obs. rare.
1695Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) III. 520 Bills of high treason are found at the sessions against 23 persons, most Romanists, who have absented the kingdom.
▪ III. absent, quasi-prep. U.S. (chiefly Law).|ˈæbsənt|
[f. prec.]
In the absence of, without.
1944Rep. Supreme Court S. Dakota (1948) LXX. 191 We think it clear that under this definition, absent any other facts, there arises an implied contract that the patient will pay. 1953Federal Suppl. CVII. 527/2 Absent federal legislation upon the subject, states may, within limits of reasonableness, regulate the use of their highways. 1960Cases Decided (U.S. Court of Claims) (1962) CXLVIII. 354 It is inevitable another gorge and flood will occur at this point, absent a recreation of conditions exactly as they appeared previously. 1965R. Flesch ABC of Style 6 Absence. Don't use in the absence of as a preposition instead of without... Some lawyers use the word absent in the same ugly way. 1972N.Y. Law Jrnl. 24 Oct. 5/3 Absent such an appeal, the constitutional issues were conclusively determined against Ender. 1976N.Y. Times 20 Dec. 23a/2 Absent such a direct threat, Mr. Carter professes to feel no pressure. 1983National Law Jrnl. (U.S.) 15 Aug. 34 Absent federal regulation, an Indian tribe possesses exclusive jurisdiction to regulate the hunting and fishing activities of tribal members on reservation land taken for government dam and reservoir projects. |