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▪ I. crisp, a.|krɪsp|
Forms: 1– crisp; also 1 cyrps, 3–5 crips, 4–7 crispe, 5 cryps(e, cryspe, kyrspe.
[OE. crisp, cyrps, ad. L. crispus curled. Cf. OF. crespe curled, mod.F. crêpe; but this does not appear to have influenced the Eng. word in form. The sense development of branch II is not clear: cf. however crimp a., and the quot. from Cotgr. Some onomatopœic influence associated with the action of pronouncing crisp is to be suspected.]
I. In senses of L. crispus.
1. Of the hair: Curly; now applied esp. to stiff, closely curling, or frizzy hair; † also, having or wearing such hair.
c900Bæda's Hist. v. ii, Se ᵹunga wæs ᵹeworden hale lichoman..and hæfde crispe loccas fægre. c1000in Thorpe Hom. I. 456 (Bosw.) He is blæcfexede and cyrps. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 319/687 Blac with cripse here. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1307 His crispe heer lyk rynges was yronne. 1398Trevisa Barth. de P.R. iv. ii. (1495) 80 Lytyll heere and cryps as in blomens countree. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 179 Wynde alle þese þingis & frote þe heeris and þei wolen bicome crisp. 1583Stanyhurst Aeneis ii. (Arb.) 65 A certeyn lightning on his headtop glistered harmelesse, His crisp locks frizeling. 1626Bacon Sylva §852 Buls are more Crispe upon the Fore-Head than Cowes. 1777Cook Voy. S. Pole iii. vi, Their hair..black and brown, growing to a tolerable length, and very crisp and curly. 1859R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Jrnl. Geogr. Soc. XXIX. 317 The hair of these races has invariably a crisp, short, and stiff curl.
2. a. Having a surface curled or fretted into minute waves, ripples, folds or wrinkles.
1398Trevisa Barth. de P.R. (Tollem. MS.) xiii. xv, The ponde..with crispe water and calm, and nouȝt with stronge wyndes. c1400Mandeville (1839) xv. 168 The peper..þei putten it vpon an owven and þere it waxeth blak and crisp [Roxb. ed. blakk and runklid]. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 199 The kyrspe skyn of hyr forheed, Is drawyn up and on trustily bownde. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. iii. 106 Swift Seuernes flood..hid his crispe-head in the hollow banke. 1610― Temp. iv. i. 130 You Nimphs cald Nayades of y⊇ windring brooks..Leaue your crispe channels. 1823Byron Juan ix. lxxviii, The elder ladies' wrinkles curl'd much crisper. 1877Black Green Past. xxix. (1878) 235 The crisp white crest of the running waves.
b. Bot. = crispate, crisped 2 b.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Leaf, Crisp leaf..that which is undulated or folded over and over at the edge. 1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) III. 847 Hypnum crispum..leaves crisp, transversely waved.
†3. Applied to some fabrics: perh. of crape-like texture. Cf. crisp n. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 28018 (Cott.) Yee leuedis..wit curchefs crisp and bendes bright. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 401 A crisp breche wel fayn [crispa femoralia]. 1393Will in A. Gibbons Early Linc. Wills (1888) 85 Omnes meos crispcouerchifes.
†4. Apparently = Smooth, shining, clear. Obs.[Cf. Cotgr. ‘Crespu, curled, frizled, ruffled, crisped; sleeked, shining’; ‘Cresper..also, to sleeke, make to shine or glitter’.] 1565Golding Ovid's Met. ix. (1593) 211 My cleere crispe legs [L. crura micantia] he striveth for to catch. 1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 183 All th' abhorred births below crispe Heauen. 1623Fletcher Bloody Bro. iv. ii, You must leave your neat crisp Claret, and fall to your Cyder a while.
II.
5. a. Brittle or ‘short’ while somewhat hard or firm in structure (usually as a good quality); said esp. of hard things which have little cohesion and are easily crushed by the teeth, etc.
1530Palsgr. 501/1, I crasshe, as a thynge dothe that is cryspe or britell bytwene ones tethe. 1611Cotgr., Cresper, to crackle or creake, as new shooes; or drie stickes that are laid in the fire; also, to crash between the teeth (a thing thats crispe or brittle). 1626Bacon Sylva §231 In Frostie weather..the Wood or String of the Instrument..is made more Crispe, and so more porous and hollow. 1749F. Smith Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. II. 15 The Snow was of a greyish Colour, crisp on the Top. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xvi, If the cakes at tea eat short and crisp, they were made by Olivia. 1822Lamb Elia, Roast Pig, The crisp..not over-roasted crackling. 1866Treas. Bot. 79/1 Celery..the sweet, crisp, wholesome, and most agreeable of our cultivated vegetables.
b. From crisp snow or frost, transferred by association to a brisk frosty day, to frosty air, and thence to bracing air generally.
1869M. A. Barker Station Life N. Zeal. xv. (1874) 109 The peculiar fresh crisp feeling which the atmosphere always has here the moment the sun sets. 1873Mrs. Alexander Wooing o't xxv, All that Christmas Day ought to be, clear, crisp, bright. 1883A. K. Green Hand & Ring xxxiv, The crisp frosty air had put everybody in a good humour.
6. transf. and fig. Applied vaguely to anything possessing qualities more or less characteristic of crisp substances:
a. stiff, firm, as opposed to limp.
1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunters iv. 29 The ‘crop, crop’ of our horses shortening the crisp grass. a1859L. Hunt (Webster), It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as hale and crisp as if it would last ninety years. 1868Dilke Greater Brit. I. 133 The ‘blue grass’ has high vitality..this crisp turf at once springs up, and holds the ground for ever.
b. fig. Short, sharp, brisk, decided in manner. (Cf. an analogous use of ‘flabby’ as the opposite.) Also, clean, neat; clearly defined.
1814Mackintosh in Life (1836) II. 300 Ward said Constant was very ‘crisp’. 1857W. Collins Dead Secret ii. i. (1861) 31 Such a crisp touch on the piano. 1873Hale In His Name iii. 10 What he said was crisp and decided. 1884Athenæum 6 Dec. 739/2 The crisp draughtsmanship of Mr. H. P. Riviere's Arch of Constantine, Rome. 1884H. D. Traill in Macm. Mag. Oct. 441/2 His crisp antithetic manner is the perfection of style. 1937D. Jones In Parenthesis iv. 97 The sky overhead looked crisp as eggshell. 1961Listener 21 Dec. 1069/1 The superbly detailed capitals, as crisp now as they were 150 years ago. 1963Ibid. 24 Jan. 160/1 A rational, crisp, glass-and-rectangular-framework architecture.
7. Comb., as crisp-haired, crisp-withered.
c1400Destr. Troy 3757 Crispe herit was the kyng, colouret as gold. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. vii. 200 The Ethiopian black, flat-nosed and crisp-haired. 1868Ld. Houghton in Select. fr. Wks. 201 Crisp-wither'd hung the honourable leaves.
▪ II. crisp, n.|krɪsp|
Also 5–6 crysp, kirsp, kyrsp, 6–7 crispe.
[app. f. the adj.; cf. 16th c. F. crespe crape or material for veils, mod.F. crêpe crape. In the entries in the Testamenta Eboracensia ‘cryspe’ appears to interchange with ‘cypres’ = Cyprus lawn: see Cyprus.]
†1. Some thin or delicate textile fabric, used esp. by women for veils or head-coverings; ? a crape-like material. Cf. crisp a. 3. Obs.
1397Test. Ebor. I. 220 Flameolam me' de crispo. 1402Ibid. I. 289, ij flameola de cipres. 1415Ibid. I. 382 Flameolum de krespe. c1460Towneley Myst. 313 And Nelle with hir nyfyls of crisp and of sylke. 1498Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. I. 392 Item, for xxiiij elne of kyrsp to hir for ilk elne iijs iiijd. 1500–20Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 23 Curches..of kirsp cleir and thin. c1600J. Burel in Watson Coll. Sc. Poems ii. 13 (Jam.) A robe Of clenely crispe, side to his kneis. 1619Purchas Microcosmus xxvii. 268 The new deuised names of Stuffes and Colours, Crispe, Tamet, Plush..Callimanco, Sattinisco.
†2. A head-covering or veil made of this material. Obs.
1584Hudson tr. Du Bartas' Judith iv. (1608) 57 Upon her head a silver crispe she pind Loose waving on her shoulders with the wind. 1593Greene Mamillia ii. Poems (Rtldg.) 316 Needless noughts, as crisps and scarfs, worn a la morisco. 1597Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 113 Ane cleinlie crispe hang ouir his eyes [Latinized by Dempster Involvens nivea de sindone lumina velo].
†3. A crisp kind of pastry made by dropping batter into boiling fat. [So OF. crispes in W. de Biblesworth.] Obs.
c1390Form of Cury 73 Cryspes. a1422Dinner Hen. V in Q. Eliz. Acad., etc. 91 Cryspes fryez. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 44 Cryspez. 1450Ibid. 93 Cryspes.
†4. A curl (of hair); esp. a short or close curl. Obs.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 325 They..weare their hayre pretty long, and about their crispes wreath a valuable Sash or Tulipant. c1680Roxb. Ball. VI. 278 Those bright locks of hair Spreading o're each ear, Every crisp and curle.
5. The ‘crackling’ of roast pork. Obs. exc. dial.
1675T. Duffet Mock Tempest ii. ii, Methinks I hear a great she Devil, call for [a] Groats worth of the Crispe of my Countenance. 1847–78Halliwell, Crisp, pork crackling. South.
6. An overdone piece of anything cooked, fried, or roasted; usually in phr. to a crisp. Also transf. orig. U.S.
a1852F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers (1856) xxix, One time, they'll burn their bread to a crisp. 1852H. Melville Pierre xii. ii. 263 Burn it till it shriveled to a crisp! 1899W. C. Morrow Bohem. Paris 44 It was some⁓time before Haidon could realize that he was not burned to a crisp. 1911H. S. Harrison Queed xxi. 258, I became absorbed in a book I was reading, and Jim came back to find the bacon a crisp. 1959A. Huxley Let. 29 Nov. (1969) 881 Temperatures are in the eighties—..the vegetation..is burnt to a crisp. 1968K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 35 The hot weather continued and the feed had dried to a crisp.
7. In full potato crisp. A thin sliver of potato fried until crisp and eaten cold. Usu. in pl. of such food produced commercially.
1929Star 21 Aug. 13/3 Potato Crisp Factory. 1935H. Nicolson Let. 3 Sept. (1966) I. 213 We went to Harry's Bar..and there was a Pekinese being fed with crisps. 1950T. S. Eliot Cocktail Party i. 12 Potato crisps? No I can't endure them. 1953‘N. Blake’ Dreadful Hollow 43 It [sc. a public bar] held only one occupant, who was eating out of a packet of crisps. 1961‘T. Hinde’ For Good of Company iv. 41 She..sloped her little red mouth and let a fingerful of crisps into it.
▸ Cookery (chiefly N. Amer.). A type of dessert consisting of fruit baked with a crumble topping (cf. crumble n. 2b). Freq. with modifying word indicating the type of fruit used, as apple crisp, peach crisp, etc.
1916Wellsboro (Pa.) Gaz. 20 July 6/6 Apple Crisps... Work together the other ingredients..until crumbly, then spread over apple mixture. Bake 30 minutes. 1922Boston Sunday Globe 1 Jan. 47/6 Baking powder biscuit, apple crisp, tea. 1944N.Y. Times 1 Aug. 12/6 Peach Crisp. 6 to 8 peaches, peeled and sliced... 1½ cups crushed corn flakes. 1989Bon Appétit Sept. 42/2 Dessert, a crisp that uses the end-of-season's ripest plums and nectarines. 2001Today's Parent (Electronic ed.) June 72 Kids who won't eat a raw apple may clamour for..apple crisp.
▪ III. crisp, v.|krɪsp|
[f. crisp a.: cf. L. crispāre to curl, crisp, crimp, f. crispus.]
1. a. trans. To curl into short, stiff, wavy folds, or crinkles; to crimp.
1340[see crisped 1]. 1565–73Cooper Thesaurus, Calamistrum..a pinne of wodde or yvory, to trime or crispe heare. 1617B. Jonson Vis. Delight, As Zephyr blows..The rivers run as smoothed by his hand: Only their heads are crisped by his stroke. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 52 A blacke gowne..lined quite through with white silke cipres, pleated and crisped about the necke, with a deepe fringe. 1644Bulwer Chirol. To Rdr. A v b, We..wrinkle our forehead in dislike, crispe our nose in anger. 1747Hervey Winterpiece (1813) 365 It has..crisped the travellers locks. 1821Byron Sardan. i. ii. 6 There is A cooling breeze which crisps the broad clear river. 1837T. Hook Jack Brag vi, Every curl was crisped into its own peculiar place. 1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps iii. §22. 90 The leaf being..rendered liny by bold marking of its ribs and veins, and by turning up and crisping its edges.
b. To fold (cloth) which has just been woven.
1892in Eng. Dial. Dict. 1927Daily Tel. 21 June 8 The cloth may be crisped (folded lengthwise), rolled or lapped.
2. intr. To curl in short stiff curls.
1583T. Watson Centurie of Loue xx, Although his beard were crisping hard. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. xxxvi. §12. 247 The leaues..do somewhat curle or crispe. 1777tr. Forster Voy. round World I. 17 Their black hair naturally falls in ringlets, and begins to crisp in some individuals. 1815Scott Guy M. iii, The quiet bay, whose little waves, crisping and sparkling to the moonbeams, rolled, etc. 1852–9Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 10/1 The shell..exposed to heat..crisping up..like horn.
3. a. trans. To make crisp, ‘short’ or brittle.
[1658Willsford Nature's Secrets 52 The ground..will be hoary..the grass crisped with the Frost.] 1815Scott Guy M. xxviii, The snow..crisped by..a severe frost. c1854Thackeray Wolves & Lamb 1, She crisped my buttered toast.
b. transf. and fig. Cf. crisp a. 5 b, 6.
1833Arnold Lett. in Stanley Life I. vii. 286 When we live in uncongenial society, we are apt to crisp and harden our outward manner, to save our real feelings from exposure. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. i. 3 The fresh island air crisped by the sea.
4. intr. To become crisp.
1805A. Scott Poems 63 (Jam.) The nights were lang, Wi' frost the yird was crispin'. 1849C. Brontë Shirley ix, The air chilled at sunset, the ground crisped.
5. trans. To crush a firm but brittle substance. rare.
1824S. E. Ferrier Inher. lxviii, Hearing the sound of wheels crisping the gravel as they rolled slowly round. |