| 释义 |
sphingo- Biochem.|ˈsfɪŋgəʊ|
Comb. form of Gr. σϕίγξ, stem σϕιγγ- Sphinx (see quot. 1881 for sphingosin), used in the names of a number of related compounds isolated from the brain and nervous tissue, as sphingoˈlipid(e, any naturally occurring fatty acid derivative of a sphingosine; hence ˌsphingolipiˈdosis (see quot. 1962); sphingoˈmyelin [myelo-], any of a number of complex phospholipids which are phosphoryl choline derivatives of N-acyl sphingosines; ˈsphingosine (formerly -in), a colourless crystalline base, C18H37NO2, or any of various homologues and derivatives of this, which combined as sphingolipids occur widely in brain and nervous tissue.
1947H. E. Carter et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CLXIX. 77 Among the lipide constituents [of nerve tissue] there are at least three, the cerebrosides.., sphingomyelins.., and gangliosides.., which are derivatives of the organic base sphingosine. Sphingosine may also be present in other compounds... As a matter of convenience it is proposed that the term sphingolipide be used to designate these substances. 1978J. R. Holum Org. & Biol. Chem. xi. 225 The acyl units in the acylamido parts of the sphingolipids are not the usual fatty acids found in neutral fats.
1962Knudson & Kaplan in Aronson & Volk Cerebral Sphingolipidoses 395 The sphingolipidoses are hereditary diseases in which there is an accumulation of sphingolipids in one or more tissues of the body... There are at least three enzyme defects among the sphingolipidoses. 1976Adv. Exper. Med. & Biol. LXVIII. 9 (caption) Examples of early prenatal diagnoses carried out with the present microtechniques in pregnancies at risk for sphingolipidoses.
1883J. L. W. Thudichum in 12th Ann. Rep. Local Govt. Board 1882–3: Rep. Med. Officer 1882 App. b. No. 3. 221, I have for the purposes of the present research isolated and analysed two representatives of this remarkable class of bodies, one amidomyelin..another sphingomyelin, which was found to be..a genuine educt and principle of the brain. 1920[see cephalin2]. 1946Biol. Rev. XXVI. 285 Sphingomyelins are phosphatides in which the sphingosine or a closely related base is bound by an NH{b1}CO linkage to a fatty acid..and by an ester linkage to choline phosphoric acid. 1973Sphingomyelin [see lecithin].
1881J. L. W. Thudichum in Ann. Chem. Med. II. 18 A body remained insoluble which was of an alkaloidal nature, and to which, in commemoration of the many enigmas which it presented to the inquirer, I have given the name of Sphingosin. 1908Hall & Defren tr. Abderhalden's Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. ii. 20 On being subjected to hydrolysis this substance took up two molecules of water and formed one molecule of cerebronic acid, one of sphingosine and one of galactose. 1957[see cerebroside]. 1968A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) iv. 73 Although the above C18 sphingosines are most abundant in sphingolipids, other homologous C16, C17, C19, and C20 sphingosines also are found among the naturally occurring sphingolipids. |