| 释义 |
sphincter Anat.|ˈsfɪŋktə(r)|
Also 7 sphyncter.
[a. L. sphincter, ad. Gr. σϕιγκτήρ band, contractile muscle, f. σϕίγγειν to bind tight. So F. sphincter, It. sfintere, Sp. and Pg. esfinter.]
1. a. A contractile muscular ring by which an orifice of the body (in man or animals) is normally kept closed.
Sometimes with Latin genitive of the part, as sphincter ani, sphincter vaginæ, sphincter vesicæ.
1578Banister Hist. Man vii. 97 Some [Arteries] together with certaine Ueynes of Vena caua, do flowe to the Muscles called the Sphincter. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. II. 352 This straight gutte hath this muscle, which the physicions call sphincter. 1623Hart Arraignm. Ur. ii. 4 The two muscles called Sphyncters. 1691Phil. Trans. XVII. 819 The Fibres that compose the Sphincter of the Bladder. 1740–1Berkeley in Fraser Life (1871) viii. 263, I have also known tow, dipped in brandy and thrust into the fundament, to be effectual in strengthening that sphincter. 1759Goldsm. Bee No. 4 ⁋26 A glutinous liquid, which..it spins into thread, coarser or finer as it chooses to contract or dilate its sphincter. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 421 In the lower part [of the pupil], the divided fibres of the sphincter receded. 1851G. F. Richardson Geol. (1855) 245 A lung..which opens and shuts, at the will of the animal, by the action of a muscular sphincter. 1872Huxley Physiol. 145 The muscular fibres are so disposed as to form a sort of sphincter around the aperture of communication.
b. transf. and fig.
1737M. Green Spleen 697 Debarr'd the pleasure to impart By av'rice, sphincter of the heart. 1752Phil. Trans. XLVII. 455 The animal [i.e. a coral-insect], when it wanted to come forth from its niche, forced the sphincter at its entrance. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 335 Their edge has the appearance of being a sort of thickened sphincter capable of opening and shutting.
2. a. attrib., as sphincter control, sphincter-fibre, sphincter-power; also sphincter-muscle, = sense 1.
1615Crooke Body of Man 422 Euen the muscles haue a motion which we call Tonicum motum,..especially the two sphincter muscles. 1676Phil. Trans. XI. 603 His sence was..that they might be rather numerous, though small, Sphincter-muscles. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1824) III. 15 A bony partition, which is closed by a sphincter muscle on the inside. 1808Barclay Musc. Motions 463 Sphincter muscles cannot open themselves. 1876T. B. Curling Dis. Rectum 169 A large part of the sphincter muscle may be excised without seriously weakening the retentive power of the anus. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 348 The margin of this opening possessed slight sphincter power. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 365 A spasm of the sphincter fibres at the lower end of the circular coat of the œsophagus. 1949M. Mead Male & Female v. 115 They [sc. Samoan children] do not need to fear that they themselves, by their unsteady sphincter control,..will endanger the normal order of existence. 1957Psychoanal. Rev. XLIV. 121 The attainment of anal sphincter control in childhood is so fundamental in human socialization that the surgical destruction of anal sphincter control must result in a severe emotional and social disruption.
b. Comb., as sphincter-contracting, sphincter-inhibitory, sphincter-like adjs.
1841Penny Cycl. XXI. 160/1 The closing appears to be effected by sphincter-like muscles. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 775 A sphincter-contracting centre, closely associated with a sphincter-inhibitory centre.
Hence ˈsphinctered a., possessing a sphincter (of a specified kind); sphincˈteric, sphincˈterial, ˈsphinctrate adjs., of or pertaining to, of the nature of, a sphincter.
Recent Dicts. give ˈsphincteral.
1883Duncan Clin. Lect. Dis. Women (ed. 2) viii. 54 This is a sphincteric opening, and during the child-bearing period of life it must open and close. 1884C. B. Kelsey Dis. Rectum & Anus v. 106 No amount of sphincteric contraction would close it. 1887Sollas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 415 Which communicates through a sphinctrate aperture. 1889Cent. Dict., Sphincterial. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids i. 32 A terminal bladder or vesicle closed by means of a sphinctered nephridiopore. 1965Auden About House (1966) 27 A second childhood, petulant, weak-sphinctered In a cheap hotel. 1976R. Pound A. P. Herbert xxvi. 298 Its equability, with or without the reinforcement of vitamins, deep breathing, and the eccentric sphincterial discipline, may have added to his length of days. |