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sphero-|ˈsfɪərəʊ|
var. of sphæro-, used as combining form of sphere n. (cf. F. sphéro-) in various terms, chiefly scientific and technical, as spheroˈcobaltite Min. = sphærocobaltite s.v. sphæro-; spheroˈconic Math., spherocyˈlindric a. (see quots.); sphero-cyˈlindrical a., (of a lens) having a spherical and a cylindrical surface; ˈspherogram Math. (see quots.); ˈspherograph Naut., a device serving to facilitate the calculation of spherical problems; spheˈrology, the science, study, or theory of the sphere; † spheˈromachy [L. sphæromachia, Gr. σϕαιροµαχία] (see quot.); spheroˈmaniac, one who is passionately fond of playing at bowls; spheroˈphyric, a. Min. (see quot.); ˈspheroplast Biol. [-plast], a bacterium or plant cell bound by its plasma membrane, the cell wall being deficient or lacking and the whole having a spherical form; hence ˈspheroplasting vbl. n., treatment (as with an enzyme) that converts cells to spheroplasts; ˈspheroplasted a.; spheroˈpolar a. Geom., spheroˈquartic Math., spheroˈsiderite Min. (see quots.); spheroˈstilbite Min., a variety of stilbite, having the form of radiated spheres; spherosyˈmmetrical a., spherically symmetrical.
Also, in recent works or Dicts., spherobacteria, sphero-crystal, sphero-mere, etc.
1889Cent. Dict., *Spherocobaltite. 1924Amer. Mineralogist IX. 61 Spherocobaltite. 1975Soviet Physics—Crystallogr. XX. 74/1 The reaction involved in the synthesis of CoCO2 has been studied in connection with the problem of growing single crystals of spherocobaltite.
1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. III. 532/1 *Spheroconic, the section of a sphere by a quadric cone having its vertex at the centre. 1871[see spheroquartic].
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 541 If a cylinder intersect a sphere of greater diameter than the cylinder, the arch is called a *sphero-cylindric arch.
1881*Sphero-cylindrical [see astigmatic a. 2]. 1962L. S. Sasieni Optical Dispensing x. 264 A toric lens is a curved sphero-cylindrical lens.
1870Cayley Math. Papers (1894) VII. 403 In the figures called ‘*spherograms’..the representation of a hemisphere is all that is required.
1858Merc. Marine Mag. V. 231 The *Spherograph, invented by Mr. Saxby, will shew..the true bearing of the Sun at any time throughout the day. 1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. III. 532/1 Spherograph, an instrument invented for the practical application of spherics to navigation. By its aid any possible spherical triangle can be constructed without dividers or scales.
1656Blount Glossogr., *Spheromachy, playing at Tennis, or Bowling.
1906Gentl. Mag. Dec. 631 To us as to all *spheromaniacs, a good game at bowls is the finest sport in the world.
1895Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) 77 The kind of mineral is indicated by the terms orthophyric, if orthoclase;..*spherophyric, if containing spherical concretions, etc.
1958C. Hurwitz et al. Jrnl. Bacteriol. LXXVI. 612/2 Lederberg (1956) has referred to these forms as protoplasts. In view of current uncertainty as to the fate of the cell wall in this case, we shall use ‘*spheroplasts’ (McQuillen, 1958, personal communication) as a neutral term. Ibid. 613/2 Spheroplasts are osmotically fragile in a hypotonic environment. 1976Ann. Rev. Microbiol. XXX. 42 Conversion of these cells to spheroplasts results in the release of periplasmic proteins into the supernatant.
1973Jrnl. Bacteriol. CXVI. 491/1 *Spheroplasted cells were found to lose endonuclease I from periplasm to surrounding medium.
1965Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. LXIII. 412 The mechanism of the..*spheroplasting effect of the incubation temperature is not obvious. 1973Jrnl. Bacteriol. CXVI. 493/2 Spheroplasting does not affect gamma-ray induced DNA degradation in E. coli CRthy--.
1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc. III. 532/1 *Sphero-polar Reciprocal, [see] Polar Reciprocal.
1871Casey in Phil. Trans. CLXI. 585 On this account I have called this species of cyclide..a *sphero-quartic... The sphero-quartic is the intersection of a sphere and a cone. Ibid., A sphero-quartic is the envelope of a variable circle whose centre moves along the sphero-conic, and which cuts the circle J orthogonally.
1836T. Thomson Min., Geol., etc. I. 444 Carbonate of Iron. Brownspar,..*spherosiderite, spathose iron. 1862Dana Min. 247 The globular concretions found in some amygdaloids or lavas have been called spherosiderite. 1843Portlock Geol. 222 At Portrush it [Stilbite] occurs white, (? Spherostilbite,) in implanted globules.
1964Progress Reaction Kinetics II. 299 The ions SO4-- and F-..both can be considered as fairly *spherosymmetrical. |