| 释义 |
▪ I. craze, v.|kreɪz|
Forms: 4–7 crase, 5– crayse, 6–7 craise, 6– craze.
[A fuller form acrase, acraze, is known in 16th c.; if this existed earlier, the probability would be that crase was aphetic for acrase, and this a. OF. acraser, var. of écraser. The latter is supposed to be of Norse origin: cf. Sw. krasa to crackle, slå i kras to dash in pieces. If not aphetic for acrase, the Eng. crase may be immediately from the Scandinavian word.]
†1. trans. To break by concussion or violent pressure; to break in pieces or asunder; to shatter.
c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 324 With glas Were all the windowes well yglased..and nat an hole ycrased. c1450Merlin 325 Ther was many a grete spere crased. 1631Heywood Maid of West iii. Wks. 1874 II. 299 Thou canst not craze their barres. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 210 God..will..craze thir Chariot wheels.
†b. To break the surface of, batter with blows, bruise, crush, damage. Obs.
c1430Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. xxiv, His basenet was bowed and ycrased. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxliv. 286 Kyng Phylyp broused or crased y⊇ castellys of Gentelyne & Garney. 1562Winzet Certain Tractates i. (1888) I. 3 Ane schip..quhilk..is euyl crasit on the schaldis. 1575Laneham Let. (1871) 22 Sore wounded, craised, and bruseed, so as he dyeth of it. 1618Latham 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 139 If the feathers haue beene much bruised or crased. 1726Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 260 Many of them [papers] are imperfect and sadly crazed.
†c. intr. To be broken, crushed, shattered, or bruised; to break, crack, suffer damage. Obs.
c1430Syr Gener. 5785 The sheldes crased thoo somdele. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 1209 Her pitcher should not crase. 1582T. Watson Centurie of Loue xxiv. (Arb.) 60 Thou glasse..I maruel howe her beames..Do never cause thy brittle sides to craze. 1731Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 491, I would have caused bind it, but he persuades me it would craze in the sea carriage. 1854F. Tennyson in Fraser's Mag. L. 645 The wild waters crazing on the rocks.
2. Mining. (trans.) To crush (tin ore) in a mill. (See craze-mill, crazing vbl. n. 3.)
1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 185 Their devices of breaking, stamping..crasing..and fining the Mettall.
3. trans. To break (a thing) so that the parts still remain contiguous; to crack. Obs. exc. dial.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 381 What quod my lord þer is no more to doone..I am right siker þat þe pot was crased. 1541Act 33 Hen. VII, c. 35 The reparacion..of any the pypes of leade hereafter to be crased or broken. 1665Hooke Microgr. 43 As soon as these parts are crazed by hard rubbing, and thereby their tenacity spoiled, the springiness..makes a divulsion. 1880W. Cornwall Gloss., Craze, to crack. ‘I've crazed the jug’.
b. spec. To produce minute cracks on the surface of (pottery). (Cf. crackle n. 3.)
1874–80[see crazed 2]. 1888Harper's Mag. Sept. 525 The Japanese potter..opens his oven..and permits a cold blast of air to enter for the express purpose of ‘crazing’ his productions.
c. intr. To become minutely cracked: said of the glaze on the surface of pottery.
1832[see crazing vbl. n.]. 1883Binns Guide Worc. Porcelain Wks. 26 The glaze..will not craze or crackle on the surface. 1888Harper's Mag. Sept. 525 To secure a paste and glaze whose coefficients of expansion were the same..a condition of things in which the glaze should not ‘craze’.
4. fig. To destroy the soundness of, impair, ruin; to ruin financially, render bankrupt. (Usually in pass.) Obs. or arch.
1561J. Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 168 b, Revelyng his truth to the world now crased and waxen old. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 119 Thinkyng thereby to craze the force of veritie. 1593Nashe Christ's T. 29 b, Creditor..crazd, and deade and buried in debt. 1641Heywood Reader here, etc., French and Spanish wines..in their worth deboyst and craisd.
5. To impair or break down in health; to render infirm. Usually in pa. pple.: Broken down in health, decrepit, infirm. crazed in his wind (of a horse): = broken-winded. Obs. or arch.
1476Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 775 III. 161, I ame somewhatt crased, what with the see and what wythe thys dyet heer. a1555Ridley Wks. 366 Mr. Latimer was crazed, but I hear now, thanks be to God, that he amendeth again. 1568T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 46 If fierce disease shall crase thy corps. 1637Heywood Dial. ii. 123 Craz'd or in health. 1671Milton Samson 570 Till length of years And sedentary numbness craze my limbs. 1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1937/4 A Brown Bay Mare..a little crazed in her wind. 1786Burns Twa Dogs 193 They've nae sair wark to craze their banes. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 49 Job-like..crazed with blains.
†b. intr. To become infirm or diseased. rare.
1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. iii. (1669) 9/2 Thy body is not so firm, but thou findest this humour over-abound, and that part craze faster than another.
6. To impair in intellect; to render insane, drive mad, distract. Usually in pa. pple.: Insane, mad, deranged. crazy. (Now the ordinary sense.)
c1496–7Paston Lett. No. 940 III. 391 Your broder..ys so troubelid with sekenes and crasid in his mynde, that I may not kepe hym aboute me. 1605Shakes. Lear iii. iv. 175 The greefe hath craz'd my wits. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2030/4 Aged about 52 years..something Crazed in his Wits. 1780Cowper Progr. Err. 394 Inscriptions..Such as..Craze antiquarian brains with endless doubt. 1824Medwin Convers. Byron (1832) II. 17 The upbraidings of her own conscience, and the loss of her child, crazed the old lady's mind. 1873Dixon Two Queens IV. xx. iii. 73 The outbreak which was soon to craze the world with terror.
b. intr. To become crazy, go mad.
1818Keats Endym. iv, My tortured brain begins to craze. 1835Browning Paracelsus i. 21 Asking a life to pass exploring thus, Till near I craze. 1861J. Pycroft Ways & Words 365 Keeping the head from crazing, and the heart from breaking.
▪ II. craze, n.|kreɪz|
Forms: 6 crase, 7 crayze, 8 (creaze, crease), 7– craze.
[f. craze v.]
†1.
a. A crack, breach, cleft, flaw. Obs.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1545/2 The weight of the wall it selfe..made a clift or crase therein. 1611Cotgr., Cas, hoarse like a bell that hath got a craze. 1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 339 The frame..must be kept from the least craze or thraw in the wheels.
†b. fig. A flaw, defect, unsoundness; an infirmity of health or of brain. Obs.
1534Fisher Let. to Cromwell in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. 175, I..fall into crases and diseases of my body. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 75 Whilst there is yet but one craze or slender flaw in..thy reputation. 1608Hieron Defence iii. 71 Would it not argue a craze in the brayne? 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. xii. (1669) 153/2 This defect and craze that is in the Saints judgement.
2. a. An insane or irrational fancy; a mania. Also in weakened sense: a capricious and usually temporary enthusiasm; the craze = (all) the rage (see rage n. 7 b).
1813Sir R. Wilson Diary II. 204 The Duke..has a twist, or, as the Scotch say, a craze on the subject of dress. 1858De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. ii. Wks. I. 37, I had a perfect craze for being despised. 1877E. R. Conder Bas. Faith ix. 389 The miser's craze for gold. 1887Fortn. Rev. XLII. 284 A quiet craze touching everything that pertains to Napoleon the Great and the Napoleonic legend. 1888Mrs. H. Ward R. Elsmere I. iv. 86 A child of many crazes, eager for poetry one week, for natural history the next. 1911W. Raleigh Let. 15 Dec. (1926) II. 374 I've been lecturing at Glasgow... Now that I'm not there I'm quite the craze. 1934Planning II. xxxvi. 5 The pre-war craze for awarding gold medals to approved products. 1967Amer. Speech XLII. 40 The sport has reached craze proportions.
b. Craziness, insanity; a crazy condition.
1841Ld. Cockburn Circuit Journey (1883) 147 Germany, where mysticism and craze seem to be indigenous. 1887R. N. Carey Uncle Max x. 78 Until my head is in a craze with pain and misery.
†c. A crazy person, a crack-brain. Obs. rare.
16..Songs Lond. Prentices (Percy Soc.) 96 Tom Dekker, Haywood, Middleton, And other wand'ring crayzes [rime blazes].
3. Mining. (See quots. and cf. craze v. 2 and craze-mill.)
1778W. Price Min. Cornub. 221 The tin..is sorted into 3 divisions..the middle..being named..the crease. Ibid. 319 Creazes, the work or Tin in the middle part of the Buddle in dressing. [Hence in Weale Dict. Terms, Raymond Mining Gloss., etc.]. |