| 释义 |
▪ I. crave, v.|kreɪv|
Forms: 1 crafian, 2–5 crauen, 4– craue, crave; (also 5 crawyn, 5–6 Sc. craif(f, crayff).
[OE. crafian:—OTeut. type *kraƀôjan; akin to which ON. had in same sense kręfja (:—kraƀjan), Sw. kräfva, Da. kræve to demand, require, exact: cf. ON. krafa fem. craving, demand. Not known elsewhere in Teutonic, but kraƀ-, kraf- has been conjectured to be the root of craft, with a radical sense of ‘to force, exact’.]
†1. trans. To demand (a thing), to ask with authority, or by right. Obs.
c1025Cnut's Sec. Laws 70 in Thorpe I. 412 Ȝif hwa wite crafiᵹe. 1070OE. Chron., Þæt he [Lanfranc] mid rihte crafede þas þa he crafede. Ibid., Eal þæt se arceb' æt him crafede eadmedlice ᵹefylde. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1667 Quatso ðu wilt for hire crauen, Aske it wið skil and ðu salt hauen. c1320Cast. Love 249 And þeuwe and þral may not craue Þorw riht non heritage to haue. Ibid. 257 Þat mowe his heritage craue.
†b. To demand the presence of (a person) before a tribunal; to ‘appeal’, to summon; to prosecute. Obs. [Cf. 11th c. Anglo-L. cravare ‘postulare, in judicium mittere’, Du Cange.]
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 288 Ðæt man..crafode hine on hundrede. a1300E.E. Psalter cxviii. 121 Noght gif þou me to me cravand [L. persequentibus me]. Ibid. 122 Noght þe proude sal crave me [L. non calumnientur mihi superbi].
c. Here perhaps belongs the Sc. Law use: To ask (as of right) from a legal tribunal.
1681Stair Inst. iv. 38 §28 [Entitled] to compete and crave preference. 1818[see 3]. 1881Alloa Advertiser No. 1617. 3/1 They will crave interdict in the Court of Session.
2. To ask earnestly, to beg for (a thing), esp. as a gift or favour. Const. of, from († at) a person.
a1300Cursor M. 8400 (Cott.) For na ȝerning þat i haue, Ani couenand of þe to craue. c1300Havelok 633 He sat up, and crauede bred. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 60 Þe erle com himself mercy for to craue. c1590Greene Fr. Bacon v. 80 To crave some succour of the jolly friar. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. v. 113 Madam your mother craues a word with you. 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xiv. (1596) 239 Salomon..craued wisdom from heaven. 1611Bible Mark xv. 43 Ioseph..went in boldly vnto Pilate, and craued the body of Iesus. 1709Steele Tatler No. 193 ⁋3, I the rather make bold to crave your Advice. 1839–40W. Irving Wolfert's R. (1855) 258 The cavalier..knelt and craved a benediction. 1868J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry ii. 73, I must crave the indulgence of the philosophic reader.
b. Often in the courteous or apologetic phrases to crave pardon, crave leave, etc. Cf. beg v. 3.
1575–6Thynne in Animadv. Introd. (1865) 54 Cravinge pardonne for my tedious writinge. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. Pref. Wks. (Globe) 40, I must crave leave to tell you. 1736Berkeley Disc. Wks. 1871 III. 421, I shall crave leave to make use of some unsuspected testimonies. 1820Scott Monast. xvi, I crave leave to observe, that [etc.]. 1849James Woodman v, Let me crave pardon for having detained you so long.
c. To beg to know; ask to be told or informed.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 180 If she denie to wed, Ile craue the day When I shall aske the banes. 1735Pope Donne Sat. iv. 67 ‘Permit’ (he cries) ‘no stranger to your fame To crave your sentiment.’ 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. (1845) 35 He craved my name.
d. To crave to do, or that something be done.
c1175Pater Noster 74 in Lamb. Hom. 59 His nome..he hit haleȝe þet we crauen. c1440Boctus (Laud MS. 559) fol. 5 b, I woll not craue Yooure doughter ne yoour tresoure to haue. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India Pref 8, I do..but onely crave that it may please thee [etc.]. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. ii. 46 When Ladyes craue to be encountred with. 1645Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1738 I. 246 Here are no Laws made, here only the execution of Law is crav'd might be suspended. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. (1692) 4 The Keeper craved to be heard.
e. To crave of a person to do a thing (obs.), or that he do something.
1590Spenser F. Q. i. ii. 26 Craving of you, in pitty of my state, To doe none ill. 1833H. Martineau Cinnamon & P. iv. 65 The verdure seemed to crave of the light clouds..that they would descend in showers.
3. To ask, request (a person) of, after, for a thing, to do something; also, with double object, a person a thing.
a1225Ancr. R. 2 Ȝe..habbeð moni dai iremd on me [v.r. icraued me] efter riwle. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 278 Maistres þat techen clerkes crauen hure for mede. a1400–50Alexander 887 (Ashmole MS.) Litill kyngis..Caires into þe curte to craue him þar dettis. 1471Ripley Comp Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 160 Dyscover yt not whoever thee crave. 1513Douglas æneis iv. viii. 45 His auld promis na mair will I hum craif. 1663Gerbier Counsel G v a, None of those who are pleased to accept it, are craved to Patronize it. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xii, The crown, says he, canna be craved to prove a positive.
4. To ask (a debtor) for payment, to dun. Sc.
1812W. Ingram Poems 75 (Jam.) He..strives to pay what he is due, Without repeated craving. 1825–79Jamieson s.v., ‘I crav'd him whenever I met him’.
5. transf. Of persons (their appetites, etc.): To long or yearn for, to desire earnestly; to call for or demand, in order to gratify a desire or appetite; to have a craving for.
a1400–50Alexander 4442 Ȝe couett & craue castels & rewmes. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 87 Who so ploweth his Olive Garden, craveth fruite. 1611Bible Prov. xvi. 26 His mouth craueth it of him. 1669Penn No Cross i. v. §11 What the Eye views not, the Heart craves not. 1737Pope Hor. Epist. ii. ii. 212 If, when the more you drink, the more you crave, You tell the Doctor. 1875Helps Ess., Aids Contentm. 11 Each of us craves a recognition of his talents and his labours. 1890Besant Demoniac v. 57 The thing..that feeds the disease and that the disease constantly craves.
6. fig. Of things. To need greatly, to require, to call for, demand (something necessary or desirable). (Const. also with inf. or obj. clause.)
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 156 Necessitie craveth, that with him..conference be not refused. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 180 b, Bees..crave diligent regard, when they are about to swarm. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. 44 His designes craue hast. 1611― Cymb. iv. ii. 362. 1634 Sir T. Herbert Trav. 183 The Ananas for goodnesse and shape may crave attention. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 161 Other parts of matter..crave the force of fire as an informing soul. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iii. x, The time craves speed! 1820― Ivanhoe xvii, But come, fill a flagon, for it will crave some time to tune the harp.
7. a. intr. Const. for, after.
a1300Cursor M. 25823 (Cott.) For es na man mai merci haue þat wil noght ask and efter craue. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 518 (Harl.) What thyng we may not lightly haue, Therafter wol we sonnest crie and craue. c1440York Myst. xxiv. 142 And for comforte þei call and craue. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 248 b, It wyll craue importunely for sustenaunce. a1641Suckling (J.), Once one may crave for love. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii. 66 Vices..like so many harpies, craving for their accustomed gratification. a1862Buckle Civiliz. (1869) III. v. 380 They taught the men of their generation to crave after the unseen.
b. absol.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 49 And non so bold beggere to bydden and craue. c1460Towneley Myst. 11 (Cain) It is better hold that I have Then go from doore to doore and crave. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 24 Not begging nor crauing with bolde and shamelesse faces. 1642Fuller Holy and Prof. St. ii. xix.* 127 He who gives to day may crave to morrow. 1693Dryden Persius (J), Who, spite of all his store, Is ever craving, and will still be poor. 1865S. Baring-Gould Werewolves xiv. 248 At that time the old man was craving with hunger.
Hence craved ppl. a., begged, entreated.
1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 60 The last refuge of a craved, denied, and constrained courtesie?
▪ II. crave, n.|kreɪv|
[f. the verb.]
a. = craving. (Not in general use.)
1830Fraser's Mag. I. 134 His crave and his vanity so far deluded him, that..he attempted to obtain distinction as an orator. 1862Spectator 6 Dec. 1363/1 A crave for deeper knowledge. 1884A. Forbes Chinese Gordon v. 144 The crave to be doing something had so overmastered him.
b. Scots Law. A demand or claim addressed to the court. (Cf. crave v. 1 c.) Also ˈcraving vbl. n. in the same sense.
1707in C. D. Bentinck Dornoch Cath. & Par. (1926) vii. 252 They might deem it to be their duty to grant Mr Bowie's crave for an Act of Transportability. 1913Act 2 & 3 Geo. V c. 28 Sched. ii. (23) The sheriff may, at any time after the expiry of the induciae, upon a written craving being endorsed on the initial writ, decern in terms of the crave of the initial writ. 1938St. Andrews Citizen 26 Mar. 2/2 Sheriff-Substitute D― S― granted declarator in terms of the crave. 1959Jowitt Dict. Eng. Law I. 534/1 In sheriff court practice in Scotland part of the initial writ is called the crave. |