| 释义 |
cravat, n.|krəˈvæt|
Forms: 7 crabbat, crabat, cravett, crevet, cravatt, 7–8 crevat, 7– cravat, (8–9 gravat).
[a. F. cravate (1652 in Hatzfeld), an application of the national name Cravate Croat, Croatian, a. G. Krabate (Flem. Krawaat, ad. Croato-Serbian Khrvat, Hrvat, OSlav. Khrŭvat, of which Croat is another modification: cf. the following
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3903/2 Monsieur de Guiche..Colonel-General of the Regiments of Horse called the Cravates. 1721De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 119 We fell foul with two hundred Crabats. 1752Hume Ess. ii. vii. I. 355 The troops are filled with Cravates and Tartars, Hussars and Cossacs.]
1. a. An article of dress worn round the neck, chiefly by men.
It came into vogue in France in the 17th c. in imitation of the linen scarf worn round their necks by the Croatian mercenaries. When first introduced it was of lace or linen, or of muslin edged with lace, and tied in a bow with long flowing ends, and much attention was bestowed upon it as an ornamental accessory. In this form it was originally also worn by women. More recently the name was given to a linen or silk handkerchief passed once (or twice) round the neck outside the shirt collar and tied with a bow in front; also to a long woollen ‘comforter’ wrapped round the neck to protect from cold out of doors.
1656Blount Glossogr., Crabbat (Fr.)..is often used Substantively for a new fashioned Gorget which women wear [1674 (ed. 4) Crabat (Fr.) is of late well known with us to be that Linnen which is worn about Mens (especially Souldiers and Travellers) Necks, in stead of a Band]. 1658Wit Restored, Burse of Reform. (Fairholt), Pray you Madam sitt, ile shew you good ware..Against a stall or on a stool Youl nere hurt a crevatt. 1663Butler Hud. i. iii. 1166 The Handkerchief about the neck (Canonical Crabat of Smeck). 1672Wycherley Love in Wood iii. ii, 'Twould be as convenient to buy satires against women ready made, as it is to buy cravats ready tied. 1676G. Etherege Man of Mode i. i, That a mans excellency should lie in Neatly tying of a Ribbond, or a Crevat! 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 17/1 A Cravatt is..nothing else but a long Towel put about the Collar. 1695Congreve Love for L. i. xiv, Criticks, with long Wigs, Steinkirk Cravats, and terrible Faces. 1798Anti-Jacobin iv. 16 While patriots..with tri-colour'd fillets, and cravats of green, Shall crowd round the altar of Saint Guillotine. 1874Burnand My time v. 40 He would fold his cravat twice round, and tie it in the nattiest bow possible. 1888Frith Autobiog. III. xii. 236 Dickens wore one of the large cravats which had not then gone out of fashion.
b. fig. in reference to hanging or strangling.
1678Butler Hud. iii. i. 341 Hemp..Which others for Cravats have worn About their Necks. 1685Roxb. Ball. V. 607 The Gallows comes next..a hempen Cravat. 1820Byron Juan v. lxxxix, With tough strings of the bow..To give some rebel Pacha a cravat.
c. A scarf or necklet of lace, fur, etc., worn by women.
1903Westm. Gaz. 26 Nov. 4/2 Things..of the lacy kind..little collar-cravats, &c. 1904Daily Chron. 19 Mar. 8/2 Talk no longer of stoles, boas, and ruffles, but of cravats, for by that name the necklets sold for early spring wear prefer to be known. 1905Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 13/2 The cravat effect of the ermine on the shoulders is charming.
d. Surg. (See quot. 1900.)
[1884W. Pye Surgical Handicraft ii. viii. 78 The first and most obvious use of this [triangular or scarf] bandage is to simply tie it round..with a reef knot, it having been previously folded up into a cravat. ]1900G. M. Gould Pocket Med. Dict. (ed. 4) 186 Cravat, a bandage made from a triangular cloth. 1914E. L. Eliason Pract. Bandaging ii. 79 The centre of the body of the cravat is looped under the wrist and the two ends carried one around each side of the neck and tied together.
2. attrib. and Comb., as cravat-goose, a name for the Canada Goose (Bernicla canadensis), from the white mark on its throat; † cravat-string, the part by which the cravat was tied.
1684Otway Atheist i. i, Concerning Poets, Plays..Peruques and Crevat-strings. a1704T. Brown Wks. IV. 210 (Fairholt) His cravat reached down to his middle..A most prodigious cravat-string peeped from under his chin, the two corners of which..eclipsed three-quarters of his face. Ibid. (1760) IV. 223 (D.) The well-ty'd cravat-string wins the dame. 1795Hull Advertiser 13 June 4/1 With cravat puddings battle wage. 1838Penny Cycl. XI. 308 The Canada Goose, or Cravat Goose..L'Oie à cravate of the French.
Hence craˈvat v. trans., to furnish with a cravat, fig. to cover as with a cravat; intr. to put on a cravat. craˈvatless a., without a cravat. craˈvatted a., wearing a cravat. † cravatteer, one who ties a cravat. (All more or less nonce-wds.)
1814Syd. Smith Mem. & Lett. (1855) II. cvi, Douglas alarmed us the other night with the croup. I..cravatted his throat with blisters, and fringed it with leeches. 1827Lytton Pelham xxxiii, I redoubled my attention to my dress; I coated and cravatted. 1834Blackw. Mag. XXXVI. 779 Pozzlethwayte was..cravat-less. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair I, The young man..handsomely cravatted. 1853C. Brontë Villette xiv. (D) So nicely dressed..so booted and gloved and cravated. 1859Chamb. Jrnl. XI. 319 The master of the wardrobe put the cravat round the royal neck, while the ‘cravatteer’ tied it. |