| 释义 |
spectro-|ˈspɛktrəʊ|
combining form (on Greek analogies) of spectrum, chiefly employed in a number of recent terms, as spectrobolograph, spectro-bolographic adj., spectro-bolometer, spectro-bolometric adj., spectro-colorimetry, spectro-comparator, spectro-microscopical adj., spectro-photograph(y, spectro-polarigraph, spectro-polariscope, spectro-pyrometer, spectro-telescope, etc.; spectroˈheliogram, a photograph obtained with a spectroheliograph; spectroˈheliograph, (a) an instrument which photographs the sun using light of a particular wavelength, esp. that of the Balmer α emission line of hydrogen; † (b) a spectroheliogram; hence ˌspectrohelioˈgraphic a.; ˌspectroheliˈometer, a spectrophotometer for use in studying the sun; spectroˈhelioscope, an instrument which provides a directly observable monochromatic image of the sun by means of a rapidly scanning device which transmits light of only one wavelength (which may be modified so that Doppler shifts can be observed); spectrophone a device in which a body of gas may be caused to emit sound waves when illuminated by a periodically interrupted beam of electromagnetic radiation (usu. visible or infra-red); hence spectroˈphonic a.; ˌspectrophosphoˈrimetry, the spectrometric study of phosphorescence; so ˌspectrophosphoˈrimeter, a spectrometer designed for this; ˌspectrophosphoriˈmetric a.; ˌspectrophotofluoˈrometer, a spectrophotometer designed for the study of fluorescence; hence ˌspectroˌphotofluoroˈmetric a., -fluoroˈmetrically adv.; ˌspectropolaˈrimeter, an instrument designed to measure rotation of the plane of polarized light as a function of wavelength; so ˌspectropolariˈmetric a.; ˌspectropolaˈrimetry; ˌspectroradiˈometer, a combination of a spectroscope and a radiometer, designed to measure the intensity of electromagnetic radiation over a range of wavelengths; so ˌspectroradioˈmetric a.; ˈspectroradiˈometry; ˈspectrotype Immunol., the range of antigens to which a given antibody is reactive.
1905Astrophysical Jrnl. XXI. 354 *Spectroheliograms were obtained showing detail in the centre of the disk. 1968New Scientist 11 Jan. 97/1 (caption) X-ray spectro⁓heliograms of solar plages obtained with OSO-4. 1973Spectroheliogram [see raster n.2 a].
1892Athenæum 16 July 102/1 An instrument called the *spectroheliograph.., by means of which..photographs are now made of all the prominences visible round the entire circumference of the sun with a single exposure. 1903Spectroheliograph [see flocculus 3 b]. 1907Athenæum 6 Apr. 415/3 Dr. Lockyer showed spectroheliographs of the sun. 1915[see flocculus 3 b]. 1965P. Wylie They both were Naked iv. 152 Big gadgets—telescopes, spectroheliographs, particle accelerators and the like.
1905Athenæum 29 Apr. 535/2 *Spectroheliographic Results explained by Anomalous Dispersion. 1905Astrophysical Jrnl. XXI. 279 Our new explanation of the spectroheliographic results will be founded on the hypothesis that the sun is an unlimited mass of gas in which convection currents..are continually forming.
1973Sci. Amer. Oct. 76/2 The major experiments of Skylab include a *spectroheliometer from the Harvard College Observatory that is mapping the sun at wavelengths of from 300 to 1,350 angstroms with a resolution of five seconds of arc. 1976New Yorker 6 Sept. 40 The spectroheliometer showed that they extended up from the chromosphere..into the transition region between the chromosphere and the corona.
1906Astrophysical Jrnl. XXIV. 42 This instrument..constitutes a *spectrohelioscope, and was intended for the visual study of prominences. 1929G. E. Hale in Encycl. Brit. XXI. 179/2 The spectrohelioscope renders visible to the eye many of the phenomena of the solar atmosphere photographed with the spectroheliograph and also permits their velocities in the line of sight to be measured. 1955Sci. Amer. Sept. 194/2 In 1890 George Ellery Hale and Henri Deslandres independently invented the spectrohelioscope. This instrument utilized the red light of hydrogen to produce an image of the entire disk of the sun.
1885tr. Behrens' Micros. in Bot. V. 139 The *spectro-microscopical apparatus..has become an important instrument in the investigation of the coloring matter of plants.
1881A. G. Bell Sound by Radiant Energy 41 These substances are put in communication with the ear by means of a hearing-tube, and thus the instrument is converted into a veritable *spectro⁓phone. 1948Chem. Abstr. XLII. 1467 An app. was constructed for the detn. of gases absorbing in either the infrared or the visible region, on the principle of Bell's spectrophone. 1965New Scientist 21 Oct. 199/3 The collisional phenomenon has recently been investigated..using a device named the ‘spectrophone’, in which a sample of gas is subjected to a sequence of pulses of infrared (140 a second) during which the molecules acquire vibrational energy. If they lose that energy by collision, the increase in molecular velocities, and therefore in pressure, is detected by a microphone in the gas, which accordingly registers a 140 c/s note.
1881A. G. Bell Sound by Radiant Energy 41 Suppose we smoke the interior of our *spectrophonic receiver.
1961Nature 8 Apr. 166/1 The measurements with our *spectrophosphorimeter set an upper limit to the lifetime of the pyrene dimer. 1978Ibid. 19 Jan. 236/1 The weak after⁓glow spectrum is also shown in Fig. 1a, at a gain factor of 20 for 100% solid crystalline carbazole at an identical setting of the spectrophosphorimeter.
1968M. Zander Phosphorimetry iii. 136 The quantitative *spectrophosphorimetric analysis of mixtures.
Ibid. 138 The qualitative and quantitative analysis of a mixture is possible by *spectrophosphorimetry. 1974Nature 30 Aug. 763/1 Analysis of the fluorescent material (by chromatography on the adsorbent in situ by spectrofluorimetry in situ, and by the latter technique and by spectrophosphorimetry after solvent extraction from the adsorbent).
1956Rev. Sci. Instruments XXVII. 664/2 *Spectrophotofluorometer. Continuous activation of compounds and measurement of the resulting fluorescence throughout the visible and ultraviolet regions is provided by this instrument. 1974Nature 1 Feb. 291/1 The continuous formation of NADH:NADH was measured fluorometrically at 37°C with an Aminco Bowman spectrophotofluorometer using an excitation wavelength of 340 nm and an emission wavelength of 460 nm.
1964Jrnl. Exper. Med. CXX. 509 The *spectrophotofluorometric technique of Shore et al{ddd}was used with slight alterations.
1975Nature 17 Apr. 636/1 Cells were centrifuged and the histamine released into the supernatant..was determined *spectrophotofluorometrically.
1926Sci. Abstr. A. XXIX. 310 (heading) A *spectro-polarimeter for the ultra-violet. 1971Nature 16 July 192/1 Circular dichroism was measured at 25°C with a JASCO ORD/UV-5 spectropolarimeter equipped with a CD attachment.
1960C. Djerassi Optical Rotatory Dispersion iii. 28 These refractive index gradients..account for the ‘blanking-out’ phenomenon noted in the *spectropolarimetric examination of ketal formation.
Ibid. 18 The single most important factor responsible for the renewed interest in rotatory dispersion has been recent advances in ultraviolet *spectropolarimetry.
1881Nature XXIII. 524 The *spectropyrometer is proved practically useful.
1927Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. VII. 439 The essential parts of a *spectroradiometer consist of (1) a suitable spectrometer for dispersing thermal radiation into a spectrum, and (2) suitable radiometric instruments for measuring the spectral radiation intensities. 1975Nature 10 Apr. 512/2 Measurements of the spectral energy distributions..of natural radiation between 400 and 800 nm were made using a spectroradiometer.
1922Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. VI. 1021 The transmission screen method should prove useful in supplementing the *spectroradiometric measurements..on fainter stars. 1951Electronics Jan. 81/3 This is a spectroradiometric curve of a particular color, obtained by measuring..the number of watts radiated by the source at each wavelength.
1921Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. V. 133 The fiducial line in this Bureau's *spectroradiometry is the yellow helium line. 1945R. A. Sawyer Exper. Spectroscopy xi. 277 The methods used in the investigation of the infrared radiation..are essentially the methods of spectroradiometry.
1880Athenæum 25 Sept. 405/1 A *spectro⁓telescope,..the purpose of which is to enable the observer to survey large portions of the sun's disc at once in homogeneous light.
1974Nature 16 Aug. 532/2 The A5A idiotype has been found to be associated with a particular antibody *spectrotype. 1981Exper. Parasitol. LII. 216/2 When a clone of S1 spectrotype was allowed to establish a relapsing infection on two separate occasions, two variants of different spectrotypes were produced. |