| 释义 |
spearwort|ˈspɪəwɜːt|
Forms: 1 sperewyrt, 3 -wurt, 5 -wourt(h, 5–7 -wort, 6 -wurte; 4–5 sperwort, 6 sperworte; 8 speerwort; 6 spearewoort (7 -wort), 6– spearwort.
[f. spear n.1 Cf. G. speerkraut, -wurz.]
†1. Elecampane (Inula Helenium). Obs.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 210 Ᵹenim þas wyrte þe man hinnula campana, & oþrum naman spere wyrte nemneþ. a1100in Wr.-Wülcker 299 Innule campane, sperewyrt. c1265Voc. Plants Ibid. 558 Hinnula campana, sperewurt.
†2. = nep n.2 Obs.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 135 Nap siluatica, sperewyrt, uel wilde næp.
3. One or other of several species of ranunculus, esp. R. Flammula (lesser or small spearwort) and R. Lingua (great spearwort).
The identity of the plant in quot. c 1450 is doubtful.
a1387Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 21 Flammula, i. sperwort, calidus est et siccus in quarto gradu. a1400Stockholm Med. MS. 185 Sperewourt or launcelef. Ibid. 189 Þe lesse sperewourth. c1450Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 23 Borith, nonaclum cirurgie, lanceolata aquatica idem,..sperewort. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §54 Ther is a grasse called sperewort, and hath a long narowe leafe, lyke a spereheed, and it wyll growe a fote hyghe, and beareth a yelowe floure. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccclv. 815 Spearewoort is like to the other Crowfootes in facultie, it is hot in the mouth or biting, it exulcerateth and raiseth blisters. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. i. xxx. 79 The grasse which is vnwholesome for Sheepe, is that which hath growing amongst it, Spearewort, Pennywort, or Penny-grasse. 1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 219 Spear-wort, or Banewort, is an herb which if it be taken inwardly, is deadly. c1710Petiver Cat. Ray's Eng. Herbal Tab. xxxix, Great Spear-wort. Small Spear-wort. 1763Mills Pract. Husb. III. 312 The hairy wood grass, the lesser spearwort,..have evidently suspicious marks. 1848Johns Week at Lizard 210 Lined..with..aquatic plants, among which the great spear-wort..is..conspicuous. 1865Reader No. 153. 628/2 The little dwarf spearwort. 1890Science Gossip XXVI. 44/1 It is a well-known variety of the lesser spearwort.., which I have found in a very fine condition in Sussex.
b. Mentioned as used by beggars to produce artificial blisters or sores.
1567Harman Caveat (1869) 44 All for the most parte..wil either lay to their legs an herb called Sperewort, eyther Arsnicke, which is called Ratesbane. 1608Dekker Belman of London Wks. (Grosart) III. 99 With Sperewort or Arsenick will they in one night poyson their leg be it neuer so sound, and raise a blister, which at their pleasure they can take off againe. 1673R. Head Canting Acad. 74 Sperewort or Arsnick..will draw blisters.
Hence ˈspearworty a., diseased through the eating of spearwort. ? Obs.
1736Pegge Kenticisms (E.D.S.) 48 The liver of a rotten sheep, when it is full of white knots, is said to be speerworty. |