| 释义 |
▪ I. countermand, v.|ˌkaʊntəˈmɑːnd, -æ-|
Also 5–6 countyr-, countre-, conter-, contre-, (Sc.) contra-, 5–7 -maund(e.
[a. OF. contremander (13th c. in Littré) = med.L. and OIt. contramandāre, f. L. contrā against, counter + mandāre to command, order.]
I. To revoke or annul a command.
1. trans. To command or order the opposite of (a previous command or order); to revoke, recall, reverse, annul by a contrary command.
c1440Compl. in Lydg. Temp. Glas 63 Sythe that she wele me nat comaunde Nor hyre centence countyrmaunde. 1553Act 7 Edw. VI, c. 1 §13 Warrants..not lawfully countermanded nor revoked. 1642J. M. Argt. conc. Militia 36 The King can no more countermand their judgement [sc. of Parliament]. 1677A. Horneck Gt. Law Consid. v. (1704) 241 To declare his will to day, and countermand it to morrow. 1840Macaulay Clive 43 He ordered his army to march against the English. He countermanded his orders. 1892Law Times 145/2 Had it been possible to countermand the invitations the gathering would not have taken place.
†2. To command (a person to do something, or that something be done) in contradiction or reversal of a previous command. Obs.
1430Lydg. Chron. Troy iii. xxvii, Pryamus..To worthy Hector repayred is agayne Hym contermaundyng that he ne shuld gone, Thilke day to fyght. a1470Tiptoft Cæsar xii. (1530) 14 But Cesar countermaunded that they shuld no ferther folow. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxviii. 42 He countermaunded his offycers to sease of makyng of any farther prouision, tyll he knewe more. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 336 The Maior countermaunded not to stirre that night. [The Mayor had before ‘counsayled..that in the night tyme they should have issued out of the Tower’].
3. To recall by a contrary order, to order back (a person, forces).
1464Paston Lett. No. 490 II. 160 All the jentylmen..that went uppe to the kyng ar contrmaundyd, and ar com home ageyn. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. ccxlv. 288 Than the Oryflambe, which was passed y⊇ brydge, was countermaunded. 1531Elyot Gov. iii. x, They were at the laste constrained to countermaunde him by sondrie messangers. 1646Fuller Wounded Consc. (1841) 339. 1766 Goldsm. Vic. W. xxviii, Our regiment is countermanded. 1839Thirlwall Greece III. 351 They countermanded the reinforcements which were coming up from the north.
4. To stop or prohibit (what has been commanded, ordered, or allowed), by a contrary command or order; to revoke an order for (goods, etc.).
1552Lyndesay Monarche 5160 Wysedome may nocht contramand, Nor strenth that stoure may nocht ganestand! 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 285 The Archbishop's building was countermaunded and hee constrained to cease the worke. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch 406 Neither may A.B. countermand the payment of the thousand Ducats at Venice. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. iii. 322 Such Reasons, my departure countermanding. 1727Swift What passed in London, Three of the maids of honour sent to countermand their birth-day cloaths. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. I. 127 Bespeaking and countermanding carriages. 1844Thirlwall Greece VIII. lxii. 194 He..countermanded the movement.
†b. To prohibit (a person, etc.) to do, or from doing, a thing previously commanded. Obs.
1548Hall Chron. 25 He was by the French kyng and his councell..countermaunded & prohibited farther to procede. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 158 A new commission..countermanding him to deliver the proxy aforesaid, until a full and absolute satisfaction were had. 1696Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 47 Our fleet..being countermanded from sailing westward.
II. To go counter to, forbid, counteract, control.
†5. To go counter to or oppose the command of (a person or authority). Also fig. Obs.
1590Marlowe Edw. II, iii. iii, Proud rebels that..confront and countermand their king. 1592Daniel Compl. Rosamond Wks. (1717) 42 The Privilege of Beauty, That it had Power to countermand all Duty. 1615T. Adams Leaven 119 Drowning Moses shall come to countermand a monarch. 1662Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 553 The..miracles..never countermanded nature in this kind, by recruiting the strength of an aged person.
†6. To give command against, forbid, prohibit. Obs.
1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. ii. 37 A back friend, a shoulder-clapper, one that countermands The passages of allies, creekes, and narrow lands. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test. Ded. 10 By staying wars, and countermanding vices. a1658Harvey (J.), Avicen countermands letting blood in cholerick bodies.
†7. fig. To counteract; to frustrate; to counterbalance. Obs.
1645Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. 195 Who..to countermand the healing power of lead, first found the champing and impoisoning of bullets! 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. xvi. 56 A charm to countermand Witches. 1711Milit. & Sea Dict. s.v. Sail, Ships..must have one After-Sail, and another Head-Sail, to countermand one another.
†8. To control, keep under command. Obs.
1586Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. iii. i, And all the sea my galleys countermand. 1596–7S. Finche in Ducarel Hist. Croydon (1783) 155 The ynner trenche which doth countermaunde those other. 1654tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 100 Countermanding our naturall affection with reason.
III. intr. or absol.
9. To give a command contrary to a previous one; to revoke (one's own) or contravene (another's) command.
a1529Skelton Image Hypocr. Wks. II. 190 Where God doth commaunde He doth countermaunde.
Hence counterˈmanding ppl. a.
1677Gilpin Dæmonol. (1867) 467 Where no countermanding law is owned, there can be no irritating restraint.
▪ II. countermand, n.|kaʊntəˈmɑːnd, -æ-|
Forms: see the verb.
[a. OF. contremand, -mant, f. contremander: see prec. vb.]
1. A contrary command or order revoking or annulling a previous one.
1548Hall Chron. 110 b, The Cardinall was somewhat moved with this countermaunde, yet..he bowed from his former jorney, and passed the sea. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. (1632) vi. §3. 321 To stoup as other Positiue ordinances doe, to the countermands of necessitie. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. ii. 95 Haue you no countermand for Claudio yet? But he must die to morrow? 1639Fuller Holy War iv. viii. (1840) 190 The pope's legate brought him a flat countermand, that he must go no further, but instantly return. a1713T. Ellwood Autobiog. (1714) 40, I forthwith mounted, and went off; lest I should receive a Countermand. 1809Wellington in Gurw. Desp. IX. 260 The Central Junta had countermanded the orders..of which countermand they gave us no notice. 1883J. Saunders Robbing Peter viii, The steward was still busy despatching the notes of countermand.
2. Law. An action that has the effect of making void something previously executed.
1628Coke On Litt. 55 b, If a woman make a lease at will reseruing a rent and she taketh husband, this is no countermand of the lease at will. 1805East Rep. V. 209 Though marriage operate in law as a countermand to the arbitrator's authority. 1848Wharton Law Lex., Countermand, where a thing formally executed is afterwards by some act or ceremony made void by the party who first did it; it is either actual by deed, or implied by law.
†3. A command against; a prohibition. Obs.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 154 Beyng quite overthrowen by the onely countermaunde of almightie God. 1624Sanderson 12 Serm. (1637) 454 If by his countermaund hee inhibit the vertue of the bread. 1689T. Plunket Char. Gd. Commander 28 March Counter to the counter-mand of those Would hinder you from chasing of your Foes. |