| 释义 |
counterˈcurrent, a.
[Cf. prec.]
Running counter or opposite. Also = counter-courant.
1799Kirwan Geol. Ess. 281 Sometimes their course is directly opposite, or counter-current. 1830Robson Brit. Herald III. Gloss., Counter-current..running in contrary directions.
Add: Also counter-current. [A.] 2. Involving currents flowing in opposite directions.
1911Encycl. Brit. XX. 48/2 In the case of cold extraction the seed is placed in a series of closed vessels, through which the solvent percolates by displacement, on the ‘counter-current’ system. 1940Rep. Progress Physics VI. 59 In order to multiply the smaller differences in chemical properties it is necessary to make use of two-phase counter-current methods. 1970S. Harland Counter-Current Extraction i. 1 This book considers..the transfer of a single solute between two immiscible phases in counter-current flow. 1984J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) viii. 202 This gradient is set up because the long loops of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons and the collecting ducts act with their associated blood vessels.. as a counter current system.
[B.] adv. = countercurrently adv. below.
1922Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. June 476/1 The capacity of a fractionating column is defined as a measure of the amount of vapor and liquid which can be passed countercurrent to each other in a column without causing the column to load or prime. 1939Biochem. Jrnl. XXXIII. 1918 An extraction train in which water and chloroform flow counter-current at a controlled flow-ratio. 1972Materials & Technol. V. x. 283 The weaker lyes..are pumped from vessel to vessel, in such a manner that they pass counter-current to the soap.
Hence counterˈcurrently adv., in a countercurrent way; in or with opposite directions of flow.
1930Industr. & Engin. Chem. Mar. 221/2 Cooling is effected by the cold extract flowing countercurrently in its passage from the extract tank to the preheater. 1935Ibid. Oct. 1213/1 Consider a series of n of these ideal exchangers working countercurrently. 1976Sci. Amer. Dec. 31/2 (caption) Its height was needed so that process streams of organic and aqueous solutions could flow countercurrently by gravity through extraction columns. |