| 释义 |
ablution|æˈbl(j)uːʃən|
[ad. L. ablūtiōn-em, n. of action from ab-luĕre to wash off.]
1. The act or process of washing clean.
†a. In early usage in alchemy and chemistry, the purification of bodies by the use of suitable liquids.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 303 Oyles ablucioun, and metal fusible. 1477Norton Ordin. Alch. (1652) v. 59 Water clenseth with ablution blive. 1594Plat Jewell-house ii. 40 A soft or slimie substance, which you may after cleanse by ablution. 1610B. Jonson Alchemist ii. v. 632 (1616) The martyrizations Of mettalls, in the worke... Putrefaction, Solution, Ablution, Sublimation, etc. 1612Woodall Surgeon's Mate (Wks. 1653) 268 Ablution is exaltation, cleansing unclean things by often infusion. 1754Huxham Antimony in Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 853 Great care should be taken therefore in the ablution of the sulphur auratum.
†b. ‘The rinsing of chymical preparations in water, to dissolve and wash away any acrimonious particles.’ J. Obs.
1751Chambers Cycl., Ablution is sometimes used..for the washing or infusing certain medicines in water to freshen them, and dissolve their salts; otherwise called dulcifying.
c. The washing of the body as a religious rite.
1533More Apology viii. (Wks. 1557) 861/1 Obedience on the mannes part in submytting hymselfe to that ablucion [baptism]. 1781Cowper Conversation 566 A Jordan for the ablution of our woes. 1786Burke Art. agst. Hastings Wks. II. 442 The Rajah desired leave to perform his ablutions. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. vii. 306 Ablutions, in the East, have always been more or less a part of religious worship.
By extension (later, not in Chambers 1751):—
d. The washing or cleansing of one's person.
1748Smollett Rod. Rand. lxiv. 466 (1804) Having performed the ceremony of ablution I shifted. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. vi. 179 An ablution..uniformly preceded the repast. 1859Jephson Brittany iv. 38 I made up for the necessarily scanty ablutions of the morning.
e. In Rom. and Angl. Churches: the washing of chalice and paten after the celebration. In Rom. Ch., the washing of the priest's hands before assuming the sacred vestments, and during the celebration.
2. a. The water etc. with which anything has been washed; spec. in Catholic Ritual, the wine and water used to rinse the chalice, and wash the fingers of the celebrant after the communion.
1718Pope Iliad i. 413 Wash'd by the briny wave, the pious train Are cleansed, and cast the ablutions in the main. 1846W. Maskell Mon. Rit. Eccl. Ang. I. 239 The ablution in other instances, if not cast into the fire, was to be carried into the sacrarium, doubtless in order to be thrown away through the piscina. 1866Lee Direct. Anglic. (ed. 3) 351 The wine poured into the chalice and also the wine and water poured into the same and over the priest's fingers..is drunk by the celebrant and called the ablution.
†b. A lotion. Obs.
1671Salmon Syn. Medic. iii. lxxxiv. 733 Cured by washing with the ablution of Turpethum Minerale.
3. pl. A building containing facilities for washing oneself. Chiefly Mil.
1958B. Behan Borstal Boy iii. 264, I went down to the ablutions and there were fellows washing and shaving. 1964J. Hale Grudge Fight v. 74 Get him out to the ablutions. Bring some soap.
4. attrib. and Comb., as ablution bench, ablution block, ablution cabinet, ablution place, ablution trough.
1911R. Army Med. Corps Training (War Office) xii. 75 The ablution places need to be located conveniently near the men's tents. Ibid., Ordinary ablution-benches with foot-gratings. 1921Jrnl. R. Naval Med. Service VII. 242 The ablution cabinet in the after inboard corner. 1967Gloss. Sanitation Terms (B.S.I.) 6 Ablution trough, a wash basin of elongated rectangular shape in plan, at which more than one person can wash at the same time. 1971Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 28 Mar. 29/7 (Advt.), Heated swimming pool, caravan park and ablution block. 1985Daily Tel. 23 Feb. 36/5 The fire began in an ablution block [at an airport]. |