| 释义 |
coulter, colter|ˈkəʊltə(r)|
Forms: 1 culter, 4 cultre, coltour, kulter, 4–6 culture, 5 cultre, (-ere, -ur, -yr), 6 cultar, -or(e, (dial. kowter), 7 coultar, colture, (7–9 dial. cooter), 4– culter, 5– colter, 6– coulter.
[OE. culter, a. L. culter coulter, knife; in OF. coltre, coultre, F. coutre, which may have influenced the ME. and modern forms: cf. however with coulter and dial. cooter, the phonetic development of OE. sculder, mod. shoulder, dial. shooder. The spelling colter is preferred in American dictionaries; culter also given in mod. dictionaries on account of its use by Shakes., appears to be since 17th c. only dial. (e.g. in W. Somerset).]
1. The iron blade fixed in front of the share in a plough; it makes a vertical cut in the soil, which is then sliced horizontally by the share.
c1000ælfric Colloq. in Wr.-Wülcker 90 Gefæstnodon sceare and cultre mid ðære syl. Ibid. 99 Hwanon ðam yrþlingc sylanscear oþþe culter. a1100Voc. ibid., 313 Vomer, scear. Cultor, culter. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1547 As a coltour in clay cerues þo forȝes. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iv. 464 To schare or to kulter. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 577 A smyth..That in his forge smythed plowh⁓harneys; He scharpeth schar and cultre bysily. 1558Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees) 170 A kowter, a soke, a muk fowe, a graype, 2 yerne forks. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 36 Two ploughs and a plough chein, ij culters, iij shares. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. ii. 46 While that the Culter rusts, That should deracinate such Sauagery. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xiii. 20 To sharpen euery man his share and his coulter. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 334/2 A Plow Culter, or Cooter vulgarly. c1745Akenside Odes i. xii, To Sir F. H. Drake, He whets the rusty coulter. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 34 The coulter and the share were in one, and the [ancient Egyptian] plough was constructed without wheels.
fig.1762Falconer Shipwr. iii. 193 By time's deep-piercing coulter harrow'd o'er. 1889T. Hardy Mayor Casterbr. xiv, That field-mouse fear of the coulter of destiny.
†2. A knife. Obs. (app. a Latinism).
[a1000Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 273 Sicca, cultur.] 1382Wyclif Prov. xxiii. 2 Set a culter in thi throte.
3. attrib. and Comb. (First quot. doubtful.)
1630in Lex Londinensis (1680) 201 That no man..shall presume to shute any Draw-net or Coulter-net..before sun rising nor after sun setting. a1740Tull in Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Coulter, Its right side above, to bear against the upper edge of the coulter hole. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 297 Two coulter bars..containing grooves..for the reception of bolts and screws, by which the coulters are fastened. 1807Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 116 A sharp comb welded on the coulter margin of the share. 1834R. Mudie Brit. Birds (1841) I. 154 Bill..coulter-shaped. 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Coulter-box..the iron clip and screw by which the coulter is fixed in its place on the beam.
Hence ˈcoultered a., as in four-coultered, having four coulters.
a1740Tull in Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Coulter, In the four coultered plough. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 228 The plough with two coulters..will not..do near so much work as the four-coultered plough. |