| 释义 |
▪ I. costume, n.|kɒˈstjuːm, ˈkɒstjuːm|
[a. F. costume (in Dict. de l'Académie 1740 pronounced costumé), a. It. costume custom, use, wont, fashion, guise, habit, manner:—L. consuētūdin-em custom. Used, by Italian artists, of guise or habit in artistic representation, and in this sense adopted in French and Eng. early in 18th c. Thence transferred to manner of dressing, wearing the hair, etc., and in later times to dress.]
1. In historical art: The custom and fashion of the time to which a scene or representation belongs; the manner, dress, arms, furniture, and other features proper to the time and locality in which the scene is laid (obs.); hence, those belonging to a particular painting or sculpture.
1715J. Richardson Th. Paint. 53 Not only the Story, but the Circumstances..the Habits, Arms, Manners..and the like, must correspond. This is call'd the observing the Costume. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. App. s.v. Costume. To observe the costume, among painters, is to make every person and thing sustain the proper character. 1784Sir J. Reynolds Disc. xii. (R.), This is hardly reconcileable to strict propriety, and the costume, of which Raffaele was in general a good observer. 1817Rickman Archit. (1848) 216 The costume of these heads is often useful as a guide to the date of the building.
b. transf. in literary art.
1816W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXXXI. 124 Here is surely as gross a violation of the costume of manners as we find in the Achilles of Racine. a1832Sir J. Mackintosh (Webster), I was extremely delighted with the poetical beauty of some parts [of the Lay of the Last Minstrel]..The costume, too, is admirable. 1835Sterling Let. in Carlyle Life ii. ii. (1872) 97 The costume of his [Sterne's] subjects is drawn from the familiar experience of his own time and country.
2. a. The mode or fashion of personal attire and dress (including the way of wearing the hair, style of clothing and personal adornment) belonging to a particular nation, class, or period.
1802Edin. Rev. I. 78 There is always a certain pleasure in contemplating the costume of a distant nation. 1809Kendall Trav. I. i. 4 The clergy had no canonical costume. 1814Scott Wav. x, A Swiss officer of the guards, who had resided some time at Paris, and caught the costume, but not the ease or manner of its inhabitants. 1818― Hrt. Midl. xxi, Her..tresses of long fair hair, which, according to the costume of the country, unmarried women were not allowed to cover with any sort of cap. 1877Bryant Sella 313 In costumes of that simpler age they came.
b. The dress and ‘get-up’ of an actor or actress in representing a character in the play.
1883Truth 31 May 760/2 Madame Judic changed her costume thrice.
3. a. Fashion or style of dress appropriate to any occasion or season; hence, dress considered with regard to its fashion or style; garb.
1818La Belle Assemblée XVII. 36/6 For outdoor costume. 1840Beaconsfield in Corr. w. Sister 18 Feb., It was generally agreed that I am never to wear any other but a Court costume. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 57 The best travelling costume. 1870Dickens E. Drood xiii, The airiest costumes had been worn on these festive occasions. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 197 His costume was eccentric and affected.
b. transf. and fig.
1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 20 note, Whensoever Mr. Southey issues from the press, we find him arrayed in a different costume. 1856Kane Arctic Expl. I. xxi. 268 They [birds] are already in full summer costume.
c. = bathing-costume s.v. bathing vbl. n. 2.
1884Swimming Notes 8 Mar. 4 Ladies so anxious to cultivate speed that they have determined to wear the thinnest possible costumes. 1904R. Thomas Swimming ii. 33 Costume A.S.A., means the regulation swimming dress of the Amateur Swimming Association... ‘University costume’ does not appear to have any authoritative meaning, generally when it is used, A.S.A. is meant. 1933S. G. Hedges Swimming & Watermanship xxii. 161 Nowadays there is almost infinite variety for the choice of swimming costume... Two colours for a one-piece costume look very well... A bag for carrying towel and costume is a great convenience. 1973N. W. Schur British Self-taught 22 In England today bathing suit or simply costume is the term generally used and applies indiscriminately to both sexes. 1986Swimming Times Sept. 16/1 Unfortunately all the boys and some of the girls found the costumes too small, indeed, one girl could not even get hers on!
4. (with a. and pl.). A complete set of outer garments; in shop parlance, a woman's gown or ‘dress’, as the chief piece of her costume.
1839Beaconsfield in Corr. w. Sister 10 Feb., She..departed in a white silk costume with border trimmings of birds of paradise feathers. 1890Daily News 8 Jan. 7/6 Advt., Great Costume Sale. Fine Melton Costumes, with Medallions, really good quality.
5. attrib. and Comb., as costume comedy, costume film, costume intrigue, costume melodrama, costume part, costume picture, costume play; costume jewellery (orig. U.S.), showy artificial jewellery worn for decorative purposes. costume-piece, a dramatic piece in which the actors wear a historical or other costume different from that of the present era.
The dresses for a ‘costume-piece’ are provided by the manager, for a ‘modern piece’ by the actors themselves.
1932Ann. Reg. 1931 ii. 48 ‘Congress Dances’ proved a delightful *costume comedy of 1815.
1884Pall Mall G. 8 Apr. 4/2 The ‘*costume-composers’ of the present day..are still supreme law-givers to the majority of their sex.
1960D. Fearon Murder-on-Thames xviii. 170 If *costume films start coming back into fashion.
1961R. Williams Long Revol. ii. vi. 264 The Romantic movement..produced..the useless form of the *costume-intrigue.
1933New Yorker 2 Dec. 70 That *costume jewelry which is all gold sequins. 1949A. Huxley Ape & Essence 127 Crumbling remains of slacks and sweaters, of Nylons and costume jewellery and brassieres. 1950A. Christie Murder is Announced vii. 68 Costume jewellery—that's a fine way of labelling a string of false pearls. Ibid., It's ‘costume jewellery’ that young Miss Simmons wears—gold ivy leaves and dogs and such like.
1905Daily Chron. 5 June 6/5 A *costume-melodrama of a quite worthless type.
1906G. B. Shaw Let. 28 Dec. (1956) 73 You must blight Vedrenne by telling him that Charteris is a *costume part: the brown evening suit, blue shirt and sandals are clearly costume.
1921B. Tarkington Plays, Playwrights & Playgoers (1959) 46, I see that one or two ‘*costume’ pictures have at last been done pretty well.
1889Pall Mall G. 30 Nov. 7/1 What man in a Shakspearean or ‘*costume’ piece would think of wearing his own hair upon his face?
1885J. K. Jerome On Stage vii. 64 A *costume play..rivalled a fancy dress ball in variety. 1929D. L. Moore Pandora's Letter Box xi. 209 To a lover of accuracy the average ‘costume’ play..exasperates by its slovenliness.
▪ II. costume
obs. f. custom.
▪ III. costume, v.|kɒˈstjuːm|
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To provide with a costume or dress; to arrange the costume or get-up of a theatrical piece.
1823New Monthly Mag. VIII. 243 Spanish painters took..great liberties with costuming their Saints. 1841Lever C. O'Malley cxii, I had costumed my fair friend in my dragoon cloak. 1884A. A. Watts Life A. Watts I. 213 The eccentricities..in which they costumed their minds. |