| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈcosting, n. Obs.
A kind of apple. Cf. costard.
1741Compl. Fam. Piece ii. iii. 383 Apples [July]. Stone Apple..Summer Costing.
▪ II. ˈcosting, vbl. n.
[f. cost v. + -ing1.]
a. Estimation of the cost of production of an article, etc.
b. The costs of production or working. Also pl. and attrib.
1884Birmingham Daily Post 24 Jan. 3/3 Managing Clerk..capable of costing. 1888Daily News 7 July 7/2 Severe in economy of materials and in the ‘costing’ of the work. 1891Ibid. 28 Sept. 8/4 Upholsterers' Trimmings.—Wanted, a smart Young Man, for Costing Department. 1908L. C. Headly (title) Boot and Shoe Costings. 1917Dicksee Fundamentals Manuf. Costs 7 They drop all attempt at accurate costing. 1921[see cost accountant s.v. cost n.2 6]. 1922Turner & Wood Man. Up-to-date Organisation 171 Costing is the collecting, calculating, and allocating of the cost of material, labour and the correct proportion of Overhead charges involved in a production or utility. 1924H. R. J. Holmes (title) A short system of farm costing. Ibid. 105 The application of this simple costings scheme to an actual farm account. 1927E. J. P. Benn Trade iii. 49 Such modern devices as index figures and costing systems. 1929Times 7 Feb. 9/3 So that he could compare the costings of the foreign manufactures with the costings of the corresponding English article. 1955Ibid. 10 June 3/1 There would be only one set of costings for all the minerals and merchandize carried by rail.
▪ III. ˈcosting, ppl. a.
[f. cost v. + -ing2.]
Costly; spiritually exhausting or expensive. Hence ˈcostingly adv.; ˈcostingness.
1900F. von Hügel Let. 7 July (1927) 85, I have had to express myself on paper to W.W. about these matters, and have found it difficult and costing..because I feel..it is wrong to multiply and intensify differences by unnecessary explicitations. 1901― Let. 18–20 Dec. (1927) 103 What a costing process that is! Ibid., The inevitable costingness of the struggle..has absorbed my strength. 1914― Ess. & Addresses (1926) II. 103 Such misuse will..be best—at least, be not too costingly—avoided by the deliberate recognition of the danger. 1930G. Greene 2 Witnesses ii. xii. 145 The life of religion is so real because it is so costing, so costing because it is so real. 1962Friend 9 Mar. 280/1 He would remind the Meeting of the costingness of pacificism, which was not peace at any price but love at all cost. |