| 释义 |
▪ I. sophisticate, ppl. a.|səˈfɪstɪkət|
[ad. med.L. sophisticāt-us, pa. pple. of sophisticāre: see next.]
†1. = sophisticated ppl. a. 1. Obs.
c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 51 Ȝif it be thykke or reed or blak, it is sophisticate, that is to seyne, contrefeted and made lyke it, for disceyt. 1477Norton Ordin. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 60 Joyne trewe kindes not sophisticate. 1544T. Phaer Pestilence (1553) M vij, Bole armonyake,..not to brittle, nor to hye coloured, for suche is commonly sophisticate. 1586Lupton 1000 Notable Things (1675) 18 You shall know good and pure Azure from sophisticate and naughty Azure, if [etc.]. 1625Hart Anat. Ur. i. i. 11 The countrey..findeth..good and sufficient stuffe, neither fustie nor sophisticate. 1671Maynwaring Anc. & Mod. Pract. Physick 66 Yet this cheap sophisticate Medicine..will cost you six times so much.
2. = sophisticated ppl. a. 2.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. i. iv, O heaven! that any thing..should suffer these rackt extremities, for the uttering of his sophisticate good parts. 1616Pasquil & Kath. v. 12 O, this Sophisticate friendship, that dissolues With euery heate of Fancie. 1695Ld. Preston Boeth. iii. 127 Thou hast now then the Form and Causes of that adulterate sophisticate Felicity. 1812Crabbe Tales i. 200 'Tis the savage state Is only good, and ours sophisticate! 1850L. Hunt Autobiogr. I. ii. 74 The feeling was true, though the expression was sophisticate and a fashion.
†3. = sophisticated ppl. a. 3. Obs.
1531Elyot Gov. iii. xi. (1880) II. 279 By the diligent studye of very philosophie (nat that whiche is sophisticate, and consisteth in sophismes). 1629H. Burton Truth's Triumph 169 Such is his sophisticate sophistry, and frothy wit. 1678R. R[ussell] tr. Geber ii. i. ii. iii. 45 They by another Reason thus argue and strengthen their own Sophisticate Opinion.
▪ II. sophisticate, v.|səˈfɪstɪkeɪt|
Also 6 sofysticat.
[f. the ppl. stem of med.L. sophisticāre, f. sophisticus sophistic a. Cf. It. sofisticare, Sp. sofisticar, F. sophistiquer.]
1. trans. To mix (commodities) with some foreign or inferior substance; to render impure in this way; to adulterate. Now somewhat rare.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xviii. 84 It fallez oft tyme þat marchands sophisticatez peper. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 110 Sophisticatid craftely is many a confecture. 1542Boorde Dyetary x. (1870) 256 They the which do put any other thynge to ale..doth sofysticat theyr ale. 1610B. Jonson Alch. i. iii, He lets me haue good tabacco, and he do's not Sophisticate it, with sack-lees, or oyle. 1662Charleton & P. M. Myst. Vintners (1675) 206 Muskadel is sophisticated with the Laggs of Sack, or Malmsey thus. 1756Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 33 It is now..common to sophisticate well known medicines. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 410 A method of ascertaining whether ether be sophisticated with alcohol. 1853Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 119 If sophisticated with castor oil, the mixture soon becomes nearly colourless like white honey.
fig.1591Lambarde Archeion (1635) To Rdr., That sweet Odour hee hath left, cannot by their false ingredients be so sophisticated, but may by the judicious bee easily smelt out. 1663Cowley Verses & Ess. (1669) 100 Our Senses are here feasted with the clear and genuine taste of their Objects; which are all sophisticated there.
b. To deal with in some artificial way.
1611Coryat Crudities 263 Hauing a looking-glasse before them they sophisticate and dye their haire with the foresaid drugs. 1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son III. 328 His hair, never sophisticated by a comb,..resembled dark sea-weed.
c. To render artificial, to deprive of simplicity, in respect of manners or ideas; to convert into something artificial.
1796F. Burney Camilla III. 270 [They were] less sedulously sought by those whom the manners and maxims of the common world had sophisticated. 1820Hazlitt Lect. Dram. Lit. 2 They were not at all sophisticated. The mind of their country was great in them and it prevailed. 1874L. Carr J. Gwynne I. vii. 201 They spoke out their thoughts with a rude freedom which..proved that they had not been sophisticated into prigs. 1879M. E. Braddon Clov. Foot iii, Christened plain Sarah or Mary, to be sophisticated later into Celestine or Mariette.
d. To render sophisticated (in senses 2 b, c; in quot. 1947 with weakened sense). Also refl.
1947C. Morgan Judge's Story iv. 17 ‘But if you have reached the age of twenty-seven without ever having heard of Combined Metallurgical Industries, I am justified.’.. ‘Now sophisticate me.’ 1956M. Stewart Wildfire at Midnight iii. 33 Three years of my great friend Nicholas..would sophisticate a Vestal Virgin. 1978J. I. M. Stewart Full Term xxii. 250, I..took to buying..all the paperbacks I could lay my hands on concerning espionage... It was a field that had sophisticated itself since the distant time when Patullo Minor, the Secret Service Boy, had enthralled his school-fellows with his hazardous escapades.
2. To corrupt or spoil by admixture of some baser principle or quality; to render less genuine or honest.
1604T. Wright Passions iii. iv. 99 The facultie of eloquence..is sophisticated by many, who couer stincking matters with fragrant flowers. a1626Bp. Andrewes Serm. (1856) 381 It is the manner of the world..to sophisticate ever the best things with hypocrisy. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 155 Lest it should tinge and sophisticate the Light that it lets in by a natural Jaundice. 1845R. W. Hamilton Pop. Educ. x. (ed. 2) 324 Is not the inference strong, that that party feels..the fallacy of its creed, and must sophisticate it? 1873M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma (1876) 242 Those who sophisticate a very simple thing, religion.
3. To corrupt, pervert, mislead (a person, the understanding, etc.).
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxvii. §14 It alwaies behoueth men to take good heede, lest affection..sophisticate the true and sincere iudgement. 1700Congreve Way of World v. ii, Why, have you not been naught? have you not been sophisticated? 1829Southey Sir T. More (1831) II. 30 Books of casuistry, which sophisticate the understanding and defile the heart. 1847R. W. Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. viii. (1853) 396 What is it that sophisticates our hopeful youth? 1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 540 Those who..sophisticated St. Paul's feeble converts.
refl.1798Ld. Jeffrey in Cockburn Life (1852) I. 101 As it is, I believe I shall go on sophisticating and perverting myself till I become absolutely good for nothing.
4. To falsify by mis-statement or by unauthorized alteration.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. i Ark 173 And thou..shalt testifie..What now thy shame-lesse lips sophisticate. 1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 194 And with all sophisticates and corrupts both the words and meaning of this sacred Text. 1715Bentley Serm. x. 338 Not adulterating, not sophisticating the Word. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 421 The term Trachon seems to have been still farther sophisticated by the Greeks. 1873F. Hall Mod. Eng. 298 As to demarcation,..they take the liberty of sophisticating Burke, in making him write demarkation.
5. intr. To practise sophistication.
1664Owen Vindic. Animad. Fiat Lux xv, In your following discourse you double and sophisticate. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest x, The benevolence of her heart taught her, in this instance, to sophisticate. 1841Miall in Nonconf. I. 337 Sophisticate and mystify as we will. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. xiii. 320 We next see him paltering and sophisticating with the truth.
Hence soˈphisticating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1611Cotgr., Sofistication, a sophistication, or sophisticating. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iv. 126 There are so many sofisticating Tobacco-mungers in England. 1651French Distill. Pref. *4 b, Their sophisticating of Chymical oils with spirit of Turpentine. 1821Lamb Elia i. Old & New Schoolm., The sophisticating medium of moral uses. 1853Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 378 Leaving the starchy matter, as well as most other sophisticating substances.
▪ III. sophisticate, n. orig. U.S.|səˈfɪstɪkeɪt|
[Back-formation from the vb.]
One who is sophisticated or who has sophisticated tastes. Cf. sophisticated ppl. a. 2 b.
1923G. Atherton Black Oxen i. 1 All the Sophisticates (as Clavering had named them, abandoning ‘Intellectuals’ and ‘Intelligentsia’ to the Parlor Socialists) were present. 1930H. S. Walpole Rogue Herries i. 163 Then Louis of France, making rude gestures, fingers at nose, that he may irritate, polished sophisticate that he is, the barbarian Stanislaus. 1936‘J. Tey’ Shilling for Candles xix. 208 Murder and that brittle insincere sophisticate were poles apart. 1942Scrutiny X. 349, I think it is more than an accident that Copland, who started..as a sophisticate of the Big City, should in his mature work have come to express the loneliness..that lies back of all big cities. 1959Encounter Sept. 52/1 For sophisticates, there is a touch of abnormal psychology. 1971Hi-Fi Sound Feb. 25 (Advt.), The simple sophisticate. The Goldring-Lenco GL 69/2 transcription unit.. with much more than ‘the basics’ for enthusiasts who don't require extreme sophistication of design. 1976UCT Stud. in English (Univ. of Cape Town) Oct. 38 To the sophisticate it is a send-up of the genre in the vein of Chaucer's tale of Sir Thopas. |