| 释义 |
sophister, n.|ˈsɒfɪstə(r)|
Forms: 4 sofistre, 5 sofister, sof-, sovyster; 4 sophistre, 6 sophystre, -istere, Sc. -istar, 6–7 sophyster, 4– sophister.
[a. OF. sophistre, ad. L. sophista sophist.]
†1. = sophist 1. Obs.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 175 Whanne fendes hadde i-hote hym þe victorie of the Pers, his sophister axede [etc.]. c1440Alph. Tales 26 Þer was a yong man þat feste hym at þe scule with Pictagoras, for to be a sophister. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Defluo, Al this came from the fountaines of the sophisters. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. Pref. ⁋ij b, The learned Plutarch..tels of a Sophister that made a long and tedious Oration in praise of Hercules. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xvi. ii. 56 Hippias Elêus that most quicke and eagre Sophister. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece iv. xi. (1715) 295 There is a story of the Sophister Hermocrates relating to this. 1710Norris Chr. Prud. ii. 93 At first all Artists, and even Philosophers themselves, were call'd Sophisters.
2. = sophist 3.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 156 Alȝit a sofistre wolde graunte þat þei lyven wiþouten ende. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xviii. 311 A sophistre of sorcerie and pseudo-propheta. c1425St. Mary of Oignies i. ix. in Anglia VIII. 143/19 In maner of a sofister amonge sum trewe þat traytour enforced hym to medil false. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. lxxvi. (1869) 45 Thei wolden..skorne me, and holde me for a sophistre. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 475/2 As though a sophyster woulde with a fonde argumente, proue..that two egges wer thre. 1549Compl. Scot. xx. 183 Thir freuole sophistaris that marthirs and sklandirs the text of aristotel, deseruis punitione. 1579W. Wilkinson Confut. Fam. Love 39 The Deuill beyng a subtill Sophister beguiled and blynded our graundmother Eue. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1634) 64 Let no nimble-tongued Sophisters gather a false conclusion from these true premisses. 1650Baxter Saints' R. ii. x. (1662) 284 The ordinary sort of Christians, that are not able to deal with a Sophister. 1703D. Phillips Vind. Verit. iv. 242 The Truth..may easily be defended against the most powerful Batteries of the acutest Sophister. 1764Reid Inquiry i. §8 Let scholastic sophisters entangle themselves in their own cobwebs. 1830Mackintosh Progr. Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 70 Not to mention Mandeville, the buffoon and sophister of the alehouse. 1892A. Birrell Res Iudic. v. 144 The wordy sophister with his oven full of half baked thoughts.
attrib.1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xiv, Presently they appointed him a great Sophister-Doctor..who taught him his A B C.
b. In the phr. to play the sophister.
1550Bale Apol. 122 For now is he dryven to hys uttermost shyfte..to play Jacke Sophystre altogether. 1593Marlowe Edw. II, i. iv. [552] But nephew, do not play the sophister. 1640Fuller Abel Rediv., Life Luther (1867) I. 46 On this point eight days were spent by his playing the sophister. a1659Bp. Browning Serm. (1674) I. xii. 163 He will play the Sophister, and endeavour..to beguil us with subtilties. 1725[see sophistress].
3. At Cambridge, a student in his second or third year. (Cf. soph 1.) Now Hist.
Also in use at Oxford in the latter part of the 17th cent.; cf. soph 1 (quots. 1684 and 1691).
1574Stokys in Peacock Stat. Cambr. (1841) App. A. p. xi, A Sophister provided by the Proctour shall knele before the Responsall sett. 1577Harrison England ii. iii, The first degree, is that of the generall sophisters, from whence..they ascend higher unto the estate of batchelers of art. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 778 A number which the meanest Sophister in Cambridge can resolve. 1641R. Brooke Eng. Episc. i. vii. 38 They have practised little, but to wrangle down a Sophister, or to delude a Proctor, in the Vniversity. 1675Covel in Early Voy. Levant (Hakluyt Soc.) 196 They are made like our sophisters' gown, without a cape. 1688[see sophomore 1]. 1730in Willis & Clark Cambr. (1886) III. 74 The Schools appointed for Batchelors and Sophisters.
b. With distinguishing epithet junior or senior.
1685Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 132 This fellow had the impudence before last Act to answer Generalls without a Bachelor or Senior Sophister. 1689Popple tr. Locke's 3rd Let. Toleration L.'s Wks. 1727 II. 396 A Senior Sophister would be laugh'd at for such Logick.
c. Similarly at Harvard and Dartmouth, U.S.A.
1650in Quincy Hist. Harvard Univ. (1840) I. 518 In case any of the sophisters..fail in the premises required at their hands. 1708S. Sewall Diary 27 Sept., He was a Senior Sophister. 1766in B. Peirce Hist. Harvard (1833) 246 That the Senior Sophisters shall attend the Tutor A on Mondays. 1792J. Belknap Hist. New Hampsh. III. 296 The junior sophisters, beside the languages, enter on natural and moral philosophy and composition.
4. At Trinity College, Dublin, a student in his third or fourth year. Also transf. and attrib.
1841Lever C. O'Malley cv. 510 The columns of attack will be formed by the senior sophisters of the old guard. 1845W. B. S. Taylor Univ. Dublin iv. 147 The science taught..in the third, or junior sophister year, [is] Astronomy and Physics; in the fourth, or senior sophister year, Ethics. Ibid., Junior sophisters are examined in the science taught from the beginning of the second or senior freshman year.
5. Comb., as sophister-like adv.
1608Sec. Pt. Def. Minist. Reas. Refusal Sub. 170 [He] changeth the state of the question sophisterlike. 1647Trapp Matt. vii. 24 Putting paralogisms.., tricks and fallacies (sophister-like) upon your own souls.
Hence † ˈsophistered ppl. a., sophisticated. Obs.
1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 9 It hath bene seene that in stead of a Smaragde some haue had sophistred and counterfayted Glasse. |