| 释义 |
▪ I. cornet, n.1|ˈkɔːnɪt|
Forms: 4–9 cornette, 5 cornett, cornete, 8 (cornit), 6– cornet.
[a. OF. cornet = Pr. cornet, It. cornetto dim. of Rom. corno, corn, cor:—L. cornū horn.]
1. A wind-instrument:
†a. In early times a wind-instrument made of a horn or resembling a horn; a horn (obs.).
†b. A rude musical instrument of the oboe class (obs.).
c. Now a brass musical instrument of the trumpet class, with valves or pistons for producing notes additional to the natural harmonics; also called cornet-à-piston (see d), and cornopean.
a1400Morte Arth. 1758 With cornettes and clarions, and clergialle notes. a1400Octouian 68 Trompys, taborus and cornettys crye. Ibid. 1070 Whan he was on hors y-sette, Men touched trumpes and cornette. 1530Palsgr. 209/1 Cornet, a horne, cornet. c1610T. Randolph Eclogue in Farr S.P. Jas. I (1848) 282 When we all haue slept, Pan's cornets blowes, and the great sheepshear's kept. 1611Bible 2 Sam. vi. 5 Dauid and all the house of Israel played before the Lord..on Psalteries, and on timbrels, and on cornets, and on cimbals. 1611Coryat Crudities 252 Sometimes sixteene played together vpon their instruments, ten Sagbuts, foure Cornets, and two Violedegambaes. 1793Southey Triumph of Woman 108 Shrill were heard the flute, The cornet, sackbut, dulcimer, and lute. 1843Prescott Mexico vi. i. (1864) 338 They marched by the sound of atabal and cornet. 1888Besant Inner House xix. 198 Fifes, cornets, and all kinds of musical instruments.
transf.1599T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 36 As doth the summer gnat Her little cornet which our eares doth fill.
d. cornet à piston, cornet à pistons [both forms also in F.]: = 1 c; also the instrumentalist who plays on the cornet.
1836Mus. World 3 June I. 192 The cornetta or cornet de piston. 1837ibid. 29 Dec. VII. 254 The Cornopean, known in France as the Cornet-à-pistons. 1843Alb. Smith Phys. Evening Parties (1846) 67 The cornet-à-piston would long ere this have dropped fast asleep. 1856Mrs. C. Clarke tr. Berlioz' Instrument. 149 The cornet-a-pistons is very much the fashion in France at present. 1879Scribner's Mag. XIX. 902/2 The trombones, the trumpets..a cornet-a-piston.
e. The name given to several kinds of organstops.
solo cornet, a stop of a loud and powerful tone formerly used on the great organ. echo cornet, a stop of soft tone; ‘still frequently applied to a compound stop of light tone in swell organs’ (Grove). Hence cornet voluntaries (see quot.).
1660Organ Specif. in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 591/1 Great Organ..9. Cornet, to middle C, 3 ranks..Eccho Organ..18. Cornet, 2 ranks. 1776Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Musick IV. i. x. 147 The compound stops [on an organ] are the Cornet..and sundry others. 1852Seidel Organ 93 The cornet is the only mixture-register which does not repeat. Ibid., Cornet is also the name of an old, obsolete reed-register in the pedale. 1880Grove Dict. Mus. s.v., The great organ Solo Cornet comprised either 5, 4, or 3 ranks of pipes. Ibid., The Echo Cornet, of soft tone..was of 3 ranks, or 4 at most. Ibid., ‘Cornet Voluntaries’..consisted of runs and twirls for the right hand, played in single notes, first on the louder stop and then repeated on the softer.
2. a. A piece of paper rolled in a conical form and twisted at the apex, used for wrapping up groceries, etc. † Also a conical filter-paper.
1530Palsgr. 209/1 Cornet to put spice in. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn Cornet de papier comme d' Apoticaire, a cornet or Coffin, such as Grocers make of paper to put spice in. 1611Cotgr., Cartouche, the cornet of paper whereinto Apothecaries and Grocers put the parcels they retaile. 1686W. Harris tr. Lemery's Chym. (ed. 3) 496 Separate the Oil in a Funnel lined with a cornet of brown Paper. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. s.v. Nicotiana, The People carry about their Necks, small Funnels or Cornets made of the Leaves of Palm. 1835Tait's Mag. II. 456 A fresh roll, and some salt screwed in a cornet of paper. 1880Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) III. 221 To carry the insects in their paper ‘cornets’.
†b. (See quot.) Obs.
1731Bailey vol. II, Cornet [with Chymists], a paper head in form of a cone to cover a chymical vessel.
c. A conical wafer, esp. one filled with ice-cream.
1926Amer. Speech I. 246/2 In England an ice-cream cone is called a cornet. 1927Glasgow Herald 9 Aug. 7 A half⁓penny ‘cornet’. 1946R. Graves Poems 1938–45 36 Licking at a vanilla ice-cream cornet.
†3. A piece of bread cut in a conical form. Obs.
1467Intronization of Abp. Nevell in Warner Antiq. Culin. (1791) 101 Then uncover your salt, and with a cornet of Breade touch it in four partes. Ibid., He taketh the assay with cornetts of trencher bread of his owne cuttyng.
†4. A farrier's instrument formerly used for blood-letting. Obs.
1580Blundevil Horsemanship iv. 62 First pare the hooue, and get out the grauell with a cornet, or drawer. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. lxxi. 337 With a cornet and a quill, blow the skinne from the flesh aboue the bone. 1639T. De Grey Compl. Horsem. 75 Open the same round about with your cornet. 1721in Bailey.
5. A flask or other vessel in shape like a horn.
1686W. Harris tr. Lemery's Chym. i. ix. (ed. 3) 265 Pour out your matter into a Cornet or Iron Mortar [F. un creuset de fer]. Ibid., Pour it into the Iron Cornet [F. le cornet de fer]. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. s.v. Suffusion, Give it the Horse to drink, or else make him swallow it with a Cornet.
6. Metal. In gold assaying: The small flat coil into which the gold-and-silver alloy is rolled after the process of cupelling, preparatory to its being boiled in nitric acid to free it from the silver; the small coil of purified gold remaining after this process. Also cornette.
1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 145 The solution must be cautiously decanted, taking care that the cornet does not fall. 1879G. Gladstone in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 191/1 [The gold] is then..rolled up by hand into a spiral form. ‘The Cornette’, as this is called, is then put into a flask and boiled in nitric acid. 1882Watts Dict. Chem., Gold Assay II. 935 Withdrawing the crucibles from the furnace we find in each a small cornet of bright gold.
7. In various isolated senses, chiefly technical:
†a. A small cucumber (see quot. 1658).
†b. The name of a fish (see quot. 1678).
c. Dressmaking. ‘The cuff of a sleeve opening like the large end of a trumpet’ (Mrs. Leach).
d. ‘Term for the individual scaly pieces of the rattle-snake’ (Mayne Exp. Lex. 1860).
e. A small instrument for insertion in the ear (see quot. 1874).
1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 283 Which they call cornets or gerkins, because we choose those which resemble little crooked horns. 1678Phillips s.v., There is also a sort of shell Fish called in Latin Buccinum, in English Cornet, and both from the figure of a winding horn, which it resembles. 1721Bailey, Cornet..also a Fish resembling a Horn. 1847Yearsley Deafness 175 The Ear-cornets which are fixed into the ears and retained there by metallic springs..leave the hands at liberty. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Cornet, an auricular instrument which does not protrude beyond the external ear. It is used in cases of obstruction of the meatus auditorius..and is made of gold or silver.
¶8. As a translation of Lat. cornu in sense ‘wing of an army’.
1614Raleigh Hist. World II. v. iii. §21. 496 He placed them..all in one front with the Hastati, and made of them his two Cornets. 1639Horn & Robotham Gate Lang. Unl. lxvii. §708 The forces..are cast into a squadron, fouresquare, fortified with wings or cornets [cornibus munitam].
9. Comb., as cornet-horn = cornet 4; cornet-pot, a pot in which the ‘cornet’ of gold undergoes part of the assaying process (see 6); cornet-stop = 1 e; cornet-winder, one who winds or blows a horn.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal 22 Four hundred, as his portion, Gracchus gave To a dear cornet-winder. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece iii. 456 Bleed him in both his Neck Veins..with the Point of your Cornet-horn. 1869Eng. Mech. 17 Dec. 332/1, I have tried the assay pots (cornet pots).
▪ II. cornet, n.2|ˈkɔːnɪt|
Also 6–9 cornette, 6–7 erron. coronet(t.
[a. F. cornette, dim. of corne:—Rom. corna f. sing., horn:— L. cornua n. pl., horns.]
1. A kind of head-dress formerly worn by ladies.
†b. A part of a head-dress consisting of lappets of lace or the like hanging down the sides of the cheeks.
c. The great white head-dress of Sisters of Charity.
‘A fashion of Shadow or Boonegrace vsed in old time, and at this day by some old women’ (Cotgrave); ‘the upper pinner dangling about the cheeks like a hound's ears’ (Evelyn Mundus Muliebris 1690).
a1547Surrey in Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 12, I neuer saw my Ladye laye apart Her cornet blacke, in colde nor yet in heate. 1548Hall Chron. (1809) 837 But on her head she had a cap..with a Cornet of laune. 1578Inv. R. Wardrobe (1815) 232 (Jam.) Ane quaiff of camorage with tua cornettis. 1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1769/4 Lost..a Point Cornet for the Head. 1697C'tess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 256, I immediately threw off my Bonnets and my Cornets. 1816J. Scott Vis. Paris 107 They sat up all night, that their women might lower their cornettes. 1874Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life I. ii. 39 She had visited this lady, finding her in the whitest cornette tied under the chin. 1891Tablet 28 Feb. 357 The white cornette and gray robe of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul.
2. ‘A scarf anciently worn by doctors’ (J.), as part of their academical costume.
1658Phillips, Cornet, (French) a kinde of black Taffata, which Doctors of Physick, or Law used to wear on the collar of their robes as an Ensign, or badge of their degree.
†3. The standard of a troop of cavalry.
Originally a long pennon narrowing gradually to a point; cf. cornute B. 2.
1579Digges Stratiot. 127 Neither may they..departe from their Cornets or Ensignes. 1592Sir H. Unton Corr. (Roxb.) 426 The Englishe encountered them with so great resolution and corage, as they did take two or thre cornets. 1622F. Markham Bk. War iii. i. §9. 84 This Gentleman which carrieth this Cornet hath all the Priuiledges which an Ensigne of foot hath. 1752Carte Hist. Eng. III. 10 Nine Cornettes and six standards were taken in the pursuit. 1838Hist. Rec. 3d Regim. Foot 51 Three Cornets (or Standards) were taken.
Comb.1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. i. 86 b, The Princes Cornet bearer. 1817G. Chalmers Pref. Churchyard's Chippes 21 Churchyard served under count de la March, as cornet-bearer to 250 light horsemen.
b. A pennon or flag used in signalling.
1875Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. vii. (ed. 2) 267 With a Cornet Under.
†4. A company of cavalry, so called from the standard carried at its head. (No longer in use.)
1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. ii. 56 b, There came out of the Wood twoo Cornettes of horsemen. 1594Peele Batt. Alcazar Wks. 1829 II. 95 Take a cornet of our horse, As many argolets and armed pikes. 1606Holland Sueton. 100 A certaine Captaine over a cornet of horse-men. 1688J. S. Art of War 54 The Cavalry march, in little Squadrons each consisting of two Cornets. 1838Hist. Rec. 3d Regim. Foot 7 Companies of foot were at this period [1572] styled Ensigns, and troops of Horse were called Cornets.
erron. coronet: 1598 R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. xiii. ii. (1622) 180 With other Cohorts and Coronets of horse-men. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xlvi. 160 Seuen Companies of footmen, and nine Coronets or troopes of horse.
5. The fifth commissioned officer in a troop of cavalry, who carried the colours; corresponding to the ensign in infantry. (No longer in use.)
1579Digges Stratiot. 132 The chiefe of everye Troupe or at the least their Lieutenants or Cornets. 1589Pasquil's Ret. C iij, For the grace..and order of euerie Cornette and Ensigne in the same. 1625Markham Souldiers Accid. 44 The Cornet shall be armed and horst in all points..like the Lieutenant..he shall carry charged on his right thigh, his Captaines Cornet. a1671Ld. Fairfax Mem. (1699) 112, I had notice that Cornet Joyce..had seized on the King's person. 1707Freind Peterborow's Cond. Sp. 242 There were three good Horses for each Captain..and one for the Cornet. 1880Mrs. Forrester Roy & V. I. 91 One of Sir Brandon's great nephews was a Cornet in my regiment.
erron. coronet:1643 Cromwell Lett. 28 Sept., The horses that his Coronett Boulry took. 1679Claverhouse in Lauderdale Papers (1885) III. xcv. 165 The first [shock] they gave us broght doun the Coronet, Mr. Crafford.
b. The mounted bearer of a standard or colour.
In the Burgh of Hawick, at the Common-riding, an ancient flag or colour is borne round the marches of the burgh lands by a mounted rider called the Cornet, followed by a large cavalcade. The gallop out of the town is the Cornet's Chase.
1706in Annals of Hawick (1850), The person elected cornet, having declined to carry the pennil or colour, caused ane great disturbance.
▪ III. † ˈcornet, v. Obs.
[f. cornet n.1]
intr. To play on the cornet or horn.
1612Chapman Widowe's T. iii. (D.), Here's a whole chorus of Syluans at hand cornetting and tripping th' toe.
▪ IV. cornet
obs. f. coronet. |