| 释义 |
▪ I. abide, v.|əˈbaɪd|
Pa. tense abode |əˈbəʊd|, also abided. Pa. pple. abode, also abided, abidden. Forms: inf. 1 abíd-an, 2–4 abid-en, 4–5 abyden, 3–6 abyde, 3– abide. ind. pres. 3rd sing. 1 abídeð, 1–4 abit, 4– abideth, 6– abides; (north. 3– abydes, -ys -is). pa. tense 1 abád, 2–3 abad (3 abed, abeod), 3–5 abod (abot), 3–6 abood, 5 abode; also 6–7 abidd, abid, 8– abided; (north. 3–6 abade, 5–6 abaid(e); pl. 1 abidon, 2–5 abiden, 5 abydyn, abide, aboden, 5–6 aboode, 5– abode. pa. pple. 1 abiden, 2–7 abiden, 3–6 abyden, 6 abydden, 6–7 abidd, abid, 6– abidden; also 6 aboded, 7 abode, 8 abided.
[1. OE. abídan, cogn. w. Goth. us-beidan to remain on; f. a- prefix 1, of onward motion + bídan: see bide. 2. The historical conj. is abide, abode, abidden, but pa. tense and pa. pple. have been variously assimilated to each other, and to the weak conjugation. As early as 6, abidden was shortened to abid(d, and this form occ. used for the past (cf. writ, bit). On the other hand, abidden was in 6 assimilated to pa. tense as aboden and abode; the latter is now the common form, though abidden occurs in 19th c. writers, and some make a weak pa. tense and pa. pple. abided. 3. Orig. intr. but in OE. as in Gothic taking a genitive of the object that was the occasion of the abiding, as we abidon his, we waited on account of or for him: this was subsequently replaced by a dative or accusative, the simple object of later times, whereby the vb. became trans.]
I. intr. To wait, stay, remain.
†1. To remain in expectation, wait. Obs.
c1120O.E. Chron. (Laud. MS.) anno 1091 He [cyng Melcolm] for mid his fyrde ut of Scotlande into Loðene on Englaland and þær abad. c1175Lamb. Hom. 103 His wite abideð on þere oðre weorlde. c1250Genesis & Ex. 1638 Ðre flockes of sep ðor-bi, Ðat ðor abiden al for-ði. c1374Chaucer Boeth. (1868) 63 I abood til þat thow haddest swych habyte of thy thowght as thow hast now. c1450Merlin xviii. 290 Thei abode stille in the town, and sojourned to abide to here tidinges of Kynge Arthur. 1611Speed Hist. G. Brit. ix. xii. 108 Hee had almost abidden in leaguer before it one whole year. 1611Bible Gen. xxii. 5 Abide you here with the asse, and I and the lad will goe yonder. 1634Modern. of Malory's Prince Arthur (1816) II. 249 Sir Percivale had abidden there till mid-day.
†b. Const. on, upon, for. Obs.
c1430Lydgate Minor Poems (1840) 223 Wheron was wrytyn a resoun fulle ryghte, And alle was: ‘For the better abyde.’ c1450Lonelich Graal II. 329 The steward Of the kynge that Abod vppon hise lord. 1483Caxton G. Legend 215/3 The Gates of heuen were opene and abode for her. Ibid. 99/3 They that were there abode upon thende of the thyng. 1533Bellendene Livy v. 418 The Faderis..determit to abide on the returning of thare legatis. 1548Udall Erasm. Paraph. Matt. viii. 12 We know what misery and wretchednes abydeth for us.
†2. To wait before proceeding further; to pause, delay, stop. Obs.
c1230Ancren Riwle 338 Moni mon abit to schriuen him uort þe nede tippe. 1297R. Glouc. 382 He nolde noȝt abyde vorte hys fader deþ. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 2124 Theseus abyden hadde a space Or eny word cam fro his wyse brest. c1420Palladius on Husb. i. 118 In places cold thyne hervest sede betyme Is best to haast; in springyng seed to abyde. 1496W. de Worde Dives & Pauper vi. xxv. 275/1 God abode of punysshynge tyll he had undernomen Eue. 1513Douglas æneid xi. ii. 91 Eneas tho gan styntyn and abaide, And wyth ane pietuous regret thus he sayd. 1528More Dial. Heresyes iv. Wks. 1557, 251/1. Abide ye quod I, and ye shal heare worse yet. 1535Coverdale Judg. xvi. 2 Abyde, tomorrow whan it is lighte, we wyll slaye him.
†b. To tarry over a work. Obs.
1531Elyot Governour (1580) 137 That incomparable treasure called amitie, in the declaration wher-off I haue aboden the longer.
†3. To stop (absolutely); to come to a halt. Obs.
c1305E. Eng. Poems & Saints' Lives 58 Aȝen þe deuel he com adoun: & bad þe schrewe abide. 1430Syr Generides (1865) 122 Here horses that thei on ride, Were so werie that thei abide. c1480Robert the Deuyll (Thom's Romances I. 54) Abyde, thou false traytour. 1634Modern. of Malory's Pr. Arthur (1816) I. 103 I was so furious in my quest that I would not abide.
†4. To stay behind, to remain (after others have gone). Obs.
1375Barbour Bruce xii. 73 Than thai with-drew thaim euirilkane, And durst nocht than abyde to ficht. c1450Reliq. Antiq. I. 309 Fy on a false hert that dar not abyde. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart I. ii. 3 All such as in cruel batels haue ben seen abyding to [= till] the discomfeture. 1565Golding Cæsar 243 Suche as had abidden behinde to tyll the grounde.
5. To remain after other things are taken; to remain over, be left. arch.
c1399Pol. Poems II. 12 (1859) Here fame abit, bot al is vanité. 1535Coverdale Amos ii. 15 The archer shall not abyde, and the swifte off fote shall not escape. a1842Tennyson Ulysses 65 Tho' much is taken, much abides.
6. To remain without going away, to stay.
1205Layamon 13135 Vortiger þer abed [1250 þar abod]. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 1050 Hem that stooden hir bisyde, Unnethe aboute hir mighte thay abyde. c1420Chron. Vilod. 1087 Thre dayes and thre nyȝt he þer abodde. 1574tr. Marlorats Apocalips 37 You are they that haue abidden by me in al my temptations. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. i. 140 Ile call vpon you straight: abide within. 1791Cowper Iliad ix. 407 He within his ships Abode the while. 1820Scott Monast. (1867) 459 Had I abidden with him. a1842Tennyson Two Voices 158 While thou abodest in the bud, It was the stirring of the blood. a1845Lyte Hymn Abide with me! fast falls the eventide, The darkness thickens, Lord, with me abide.
7. Of things: To remain, continue (in a place).
c1450Lonelich Grail xxix. 32 The braunch in hire hond was Abydinge. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas (1641) i. ii. 11/2. 48 Aire clung to Aire, and Earth with Earth abid. 1652Culpeper Eng. Phys. 42 Before the stalk with the flowers have abidden a month above ground. 1732Law Serious Call xxiii. 464 (ed. 2) Their guilt still abides upon you. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. IV. xviii. 185 Whose name abode on Northumbrian tongues as the embodiment of good and just government.
8. To remain in residence; to sojourn, reside, dwell.
1461–82Ord. for Royal Househ. Edw. IV. 24 A Prince..abyding at sojourne in this court, he hathe been accustomed to pay for his diettes. Ibid. 25 If the prince be so abyding in a household at a certayne..then the Thesaurere to be charged. 1577St. Augustine's Manuell Pref., Thou [God] art in me, because thou abydest in my mynde. 1611Bible Luke viii. 27 And ware no clothes, neither abode in any house, but in the tombes. 1686Dryden Hind & P. iii. 634 No Martin there in winter shall abide. 1862Miss Muloch Domestic Stories 243 I had abided for a brief space at that paradise of cockneys, Southend. 1875Helps Anim. & Masters vi. 136 I thought of the mean hovels in which many of our peasantry abide.
9. To remain or continue in some state or action, to continue to be something.
c1250Genesis & Ex. 422 An hundred ȝer after is dead, Adam fro eue in srifte abead. 1366Mandeville (1839) xxviii. 289 The Coles will duellen and abyden alle quyk. 1388Wyclif John viii. 7 Whanne thei abiden [v.r. abideden, abedin, 1382 lastiden or contynuede] axynge hym. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 14 b, If thou wilt the loue of thy frend shal abyde ferme unto the, be curteise to him. a1520Myrroure of Our Ladye 298 After the byrthe, thou haste abyden vyrgyn vndefowled. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart I. cxcviii. 2 The towne abode frenche. 1611Bible John xv. 10 If ye keepe my commandements, ye shal abide in my loue, euen as I have kept my Father's commandements, and abide in his loue [Wyclif dwelle, Tindale, Coverd. Cranm. Geneva byde, Rheims abide]. 1881Globe 21 Sept. (leader) One of the few Southerners in public life who abided faithful to the Constitution when the battle of secession began.
10. To abide by: lit. to remain with; hence, to stand firm by, to hold to, remain true to.
1509Fisher Wks. i. 221 His commaundement must nedes be obeyed and abyden by. 1528More Dial. Heresyes ii. Wks. 1557, 183/1 The verye churche hath euer had some that hath abidden by theyr faith. 1772Letters of Junius No. lxviii. 337 You will abide by the authority of this great man. 1813M. Edgeworth Patronage (1833) I. xix. 333 Lord Oldborough abided not only by his own measures, but by his own instruments. 1855Tennyson Maud i. xvi. 25 Dare I bid her abide by her word? 1860Tyndall Glaciers i. §24. 171 The rules were fixed, and I must abide by them.
11. To continue in existence, endure, stand firm or sure.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiv. xxxiv. 480 The cyte in mount Segor sholde haue stonde stronge and abyde, yf they had not synned. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 86 Hys Highness woll establish the same Lyvelood than remayning, to abyde perpetually to his Crowne. 1535Coverdale Ps. xci. 7 But thou Lorde o most hyest, abydest worlde without ende. 1611Bible Ps. cxix. 90 Thou hast established the earth, and it abideth. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. I. iv. 153 The Norman..abides in his lineage and in his works, but he is Norman no longer. 1878Joaquin Miller Songs of Italy 123 Nothing has been that abideth now..Nothing shall be that shall abide.
II. trans. To wait for, await the issue of, endure.
12. To wait for, await; remain ready for, watch for, expect. (The object was orig. a gen.)
a. lit. of persons awaiting persons or things. arch.
c1000O.E. Gosp. Matt. xi. 3 Eart þu þe to cumenne eart, oððe we oþres sceolon abidan? (Lindisf. Oðer we bidas.) c1150Hatt. Gosp. Luke i. 21 And þæt folc wæs zacharium ᵹe-abyddende. 1205Layamon III. 226 Þer heo abiden wederes, For þe wind heom stod toȝæines. c1230Ancren Riwle 358 Menske & reste abit us et hom, in ure owune londe. c1280Owl & Night. 1700 Ȝef ȝe abideth mine [= wait for me] here, Ȝe schule on other wise singe. c1305E.E.P., Life of Pilate 113 Ech schrewe wole abide his tyme. a1315Northern Psalter xxxix. 2 Abidand Laverd abade I. 1382Wyclif Luke ii. 25 To alle þat abiden þe redempcion of israel. c1400Syr Perecyvelle 1278 My lady, lele Lufamour, Habyddis the in hir chambour. 1423James I King's Quair iv. x, Wele is him that his tyme will abit. 1449Pecock Repr. 206 Whom alle holi men fro the bigynnyng of the world Aboden. 1483Caxton G. Leg. 21/1 We have abyden the every day. 1520–41Wyatt Poet. Works (1861) 17 I abide, and abide; and better abide, After the old proverb, the happy day. 1541Elyot Image Gov. 41 He abode an answer thereof. 1605Stow Annales 676, 500 men..abiding the wind in the port of Sandwich. 1722De Foe Hist. Plague 21 The generality stayed and seemed to abide the worst. 1829Scott Antiq. xxi. 143 ‘I wad e'en streek mysell out here, and abide my removal.’ 1859Tennyson Enid 980 I will abide the coming of my lord.
b. fig. of things (as fate, surprise, punishment) awaiting persons. arch.
1340Ayenb. 128 Þe wrechche ne þengþ of þe gibet þet him abit. 1382Wyclif Acts xx. 23 Bondis and tribulaciouns at Jerusalem dwellen to me [one MS. abyden me; text of 1388 abiden me]. 1526Tindale ibid. Bondes and trouble abyde me. 1549Coverdale Erasm. Paraphr. 1 Pet. ii. 10 As long as we were the sonnes of the synful Adam, an infortunate enheritaunce abode us. 1619T. Taylor Titus i. 13. 260 He knewe that bands and imprisonment did abide him in euerie citie. 1640Homilies i. 11. iii. 88 Those most grieuous and intolerable torments, which abide all uncleane persons. 1826E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 142 A foretaste of the fiery lake which abideth him.
†13. To wait till the end of, hear through. Obs.
c1450Lonelich Grail xv. 769 And Iosephes Abod Alle hire Answere Evene to the Ende that sche seide þere. Ibid. xxiii. 5 And the Kyng Alle his tales wel Abod, & ful wel hem likede.
14. To await defiantly, to face, to encounter, withstand, or sustain.
1297R. Glouc. 302 Dreduol he was to ys fon, þat hym durste vewe abyde. 1375Barbour Bruce iii. 14 He bauldly thaim abaid. c1435Torrent of Portugal 1470 He wold not the geaunt abyde. c1440Gesta Rom. ii. lvii. 421 A man or a woman may abide the conflicte of all vices, but [lechery] he moste flee. 1570–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) I. 378 The other cast themselves about and manlie abode their enemies. 1623J. Bingham Hist. Xenophon 47 They had not the heart to abide you; why should you be afraid of them. 1649Cromwell Lett. & Sp. (Carl.) Let. 67 Those gentlemen who have abid the brunt of the service. 1816Scott Old Mort. (1868) xv. 724 The..insurgents appeared to be drawn up with the purpose of abiding battle. 1858H. Miller Sch. & Schoolm. 133 He soon learned to abide..terrors which most of my bolder companions shrank from encountering.
15. To await submissively, await the disposal of, submit to.
c1360Chaucer A.B.C. 131 My faderes chastisinge þat dar I nouht abiden in no wise. 1400Gamelyn 24 On his deeþ bed to a-bide Goddes wille. 1480Caxton Chron. Englond ccxlii. 277 He founde suffisaunt suerte to abyde the lawe. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart I. xxv. 36 To abyde the ordynaunce of the Kyng of Fraunce. 1594Shakes. Rich. II, v. vi. 23 Heere is Carlile, liuing to abide Thy Kingly doome, and sentence. 1705Perry Hist. Coll. Am. Col. Ch. I. 163 Having abiden her Majesty's just determination. 1791T. Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 158 The creditors ought to have abided the fate of the Government. 1821J. Baillie Met. Leg. Wallace xcv. 4 He must abide his fatal doom. 1859Tennyson Enid 584 [Thou shalt] Crave pardon for that insult done the Queen, And shalt abide her judgment on it.
†16. To endure, suffer, bear, undergo, sustain. Obs.
1205Layamon 15565 He þeos dundes abad [later text: And he his dunt a-bod]. 1465M. Paston in Paston Lett. 503 II. 190 He wold noth abyde the sorow and trobell that ye have abyden to wyn all Sir John Fastolf ys gode. 1526Tindale Hebr. xii. 2 For the ioye that was set before hym abode the crosse. 1584D. Powel Lloyd's Cambria 199 The castele Abood diuerse assaults. 1588A. King Canisius' Catech. 125 Christ our lord..abaid ye schame of ye croce. 1601Holland Pliny (1634) I. 59 The other name..Valerius Soranus blurted out and soone after abid the smart for it. 1606― Suetonius 239 Domitian abidd condigne punishment for his avarice and crueltie. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countrey Farme 412 The best and sweetest, though not alwaies stronger than that which hath abode the presse. 1638Sanderson Serm. II. 96 Service so hard that it might not be abiden. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 103 It will not be strong enough to abide tough Work.
17. To bear, endure, tolerate, put up with; rarely (now never) in a simple affirmative sentence, but in such as ‘I cannot abide, I can scarcely abide, who can abide?’
1526Tindale John viii. 43 Ye cannot abyde the hearynge off my wordes. 1535Coverdale Job xix. 17 Myne owne wyfe maye not abyde my breth. c1585Faire Em. ii. 591 Of all things, I cannot abide physic. 1618Raleigh Remains (1644) 128 Oyntment is pleasing to Man; but Beetles and Bees cannot abide it. 1622Babington Wks. III. 121 If Saint Iohn should haue done so, no man would haue abid him. 1627Drayton Agincourt, etc. 121 He would not haue aboad it. 1676G. Etherege Man of Mode ii. i. 15 (1684) He calls me Rogue, tells me he can't abide me. 1727De Foe Hist. Apparitions xv. 370 He could not abide an ass. 1833H. Martineau Three Ages iii. 84 She could not abide the country, and would not be tempted to leave dear London. 1875Helps Anim. & Masters i. 6 People can't abide pamphlets in these days.
b. With an infinitive object: To endure, bear.
c1460Poem agt. Friars in Rel. Antiq. I. 322 To serve to that same frer, the Pope mot abyde. 1551Robinson More's Utopia 162 [I] was not sure whether he coulde abyde that anye thynge shoulde be sayde. 1561T. N[orton] Calvin's Instit. i. 36 Who can abyde to say, that then the Sonn entred into the bosome of the Father. a1593H. Smith Serm. 97 Nature cannot abide that any place should be empty. 1603Drayton Barons Warres ii. 2 Could not abide to heare the name of Peace. 1607Topsell Four-footed Beasts (1673) 244 A horse cannot abide to look upon a camel. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 2 They cannot abide to heare of altering. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. State v. viii. 389 Painted faces cannot abide to come nigh the fire. 1773Goldsmith Stoops to Conq. i. i. 50 I can't abide to disappoint myself. 1840Gen. Thompson Exercises (1842) V. 323 One or two lords cannot abide to see a Pasha set up his back against his ‘legitimate master.’
¶ Through confusion of form with abye, q.v., when that vb. was becoming archaic, and through association of sense between abye (pay for) a deed, and abide the consequences of a deed, abide has been erroneously used for abye = pay for, atone for, suffer for.
1586–93Marlowe Edw. II, ii. ii. 882 Dear shall you both abide this riotous deed. 1607Shakes. Jul. C. iii. ii. 119 If it be found so, some will deere abide it. 1719Young Revenge iii. i. Wks. 1757 II. 148 O sacred faith! How dearly I abide thy violation!
▪ II. † abide, n. Obs. rare—1.
[f. the vb.]
An abode or stay.
1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Minute Book (1855) 46 That Kilquhennady be Captaine of Kirkpatrick-Durham, and Glaisteres liberated of that charge during Kilquhennady's abyde at hame. |