| 释义 |
solidarity|sɒlɪˈdærɪtɪ|
[ad. F. solidarité, f. solidaire solid: see solidary a.]
1. a. The fact or quality, on the part of communities, etc., of being perfectly united or at one in some respect, esp. in interests, sympathies, or aspirations; spec. with reference to the aspirations or actions of trade-union members. Also attrib. and Comb.
The French origin of the word is freq. referred to during the period of its introduction into English use. Latterly also the English rendering of Polish Solidarność, the name of an independent trade-union movement in Poland, registered in September 1980 and officially banned in October 1982.
1841H. Doherty False Assoc. & its Remedy 24 Solidarity, Solidary. Collective responsibility. Collectively responsible. 1848People's Press II. 161/2 Solidarity is a word of French origin, the naturalisation of which, in this country, is desirable. 1848Gallenga Italy 429 Actuated..by a feeling of national solidarity—to borrow a French word—which induced all of them to run the same risk. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits v. 103 One secret of their power is their mutual good understanding... They have solidarity, or responsibleness, and trust in each other. 1877Brockett Cross & Crescent 157 Each is responsible to the Czar, but they have no sort of solidarity. 1885To-day III. 83 [Strike manifesto] But if, on the contrary, you design this strike as a step toward a final and definite solution of the great labour question, if you would make it the means of teaching the worker the absolute necessity of combination and of unity, if having secured the adoption of Solidarity you will build upon this a superstructure of Education, if you will learn why you are poor, [etc.]. 1962Listener 31 May 935/1 These gangs have group-cohesiveness (in our present jargon) or solidarity (in socialist jargon), but they are against society. 1963Daily Tel. 5 Feb. 10/2 Twice as many countries are attending this conference as were at the Afro-Asian States conference in Bandung in 1955; but the great difference is that those now meeting are merely ‘solidarity organisations’. 1968Listener 6 June 713/1 Well before the last election, sociologists were telling us that an increasing number of working-class people were beginning to look at politics instrumentally rather than in terms of class solidarity or ideological allegiance. 1969Ibid. 30 Jan. 131/3 Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Committees display predictable signs at air⁓ports. 1971I. Deutscher Marxism in our Time (1972) v. 109 The perennial conflict between national egoism and international solidarity becomes more and more visible. 1974Socialist Worker 9 Nov. 6/4 The building workers called a solidarity strike. 1977Time 4 July 7/3 In the months since then, Soviet ideologues have opened a campaign to increase ‘fidelity to the principles of inter⁓nationalist solidarity’—party jargon for rallying round Moscow's flag. 1979Time 13 Aug. 12/3 ‘Solidarity’ marchers arrived from Sanandaj, the Kurds' provincial capital. 1980Times 26 Sept. 6/4 The Warsaw daily Zycie Warszawy quoted members of the Solidarity free trade union movement as rejecting reforms of the old unions as mere name-changing. 1980Economist 18 Oct. 46/1 Over 20 unions, including Mr Lech Walesa's Gdansk-based Solidarity (an umbrella organisation representing 50 small unions, and claiming a total membership of over 4m), have applied to register with the courts in Warsaw. 1982Times 9 Oct. 1/5 The Polish Parliament..yesterday voted..for a new trade union law that sounds the death knell of Solidarity. Ibid., In broad outline, the bill dissolves all registered trade unions including Solidarity.
transf.1876Farrar Marlb. Serm. xxxii. (1877) 321 Knowing..that there is a solidarity in the virtues as in the vices. 1881Nature No. 617. 397 When we thus effect a re-classification of elementary bodies, the solidarity at once breaks down.
b. Const. of (mankind, a race, etc.).
1852Fraser's Mag. Jan. 28 We have hived up one of his phrases..—the ‘solidarity of the peoples!’ 1853Trench Less. Prov. 29 The ‘solidarity’ (to use a word which it is in vain to strive against) of all the nations of Christendom. 1884S. E. Dawson Handbk. Canada 107 The grand idea of the solidarity of England and the English race through⁓out the world.
transf.1867M. Arnold Celtic Lit. 68 The solidarity, to use that convenient French word, of Breton and Welsh poetry. 1876L. Stephen Hist. Eng. Th. 18th C. I. 220 Disputing the solidarity of all the writers of Targums.
c. Const. between or with (others). Also transf.
(a)1860Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. 284 The organs of speech act and react upon each other;..there is, to use a word, which if not now English soon will be, a certain solidarity between them all. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. xvi. II. 310 There was what is called, in modern phrase, solidarity between him and his people. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 67 The solidarity existing between all parts of the lung.
(b)1862Grattan Beaten Paths II. 378 Would he not have found his best policy..[in] an alliance, if not quite a solidarity, with England? 1865E. Lucas in Manning Ess. Relig. & Lit. 374 To refuse any solidarity whatever with it. 1884L'pool Mercury 18 Feb. 5/2 The member for Woodstock..here repudiates all solidarity with his leaders.
2. Community or perfect coincidence of (or between) interests.
1874M. E. Herbert tr. Hübner's Ramble ii. ii. (1878) 518 To establish a solidarity between their commercial interests. 1876Contemp. Rev. June 138 The cry was raised as to the solidarity of the Conservative interests. 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 97 A compact body emphatically characterized by fraternal solidarity of interests.
3. Civil Law. A form of obligation involving joint and several responsibilities or rights.
1875Poste Gaius iii. 396 Correality and Solidarity agree in this, that in both of them every creditor is severally entitled to receive the whole object of the active obligation, and every debtor is bound to discharge the whole object of the passive obligation. |