| 释义 |
conviction|kənˈvɪkʃən|
Also 5 -viccion.
[ad. L. convictiōn-em, n. of action from convincĕre: see convince. Cf. mod.F. conviction (not in Cotgr.).]
The action of convicting or convincing.
1. The proving or finding a person guilty of an offence with which he is charged before a legal tribunal; legal proof or declaration of guilt; the fact or condition of being convicted: sometimes including the passing of sentence. summary conviction: conviction by a judge or a bench of magistrates without a jury.
1491Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 21 As though none atteyndour nor conviccion had ben hadde ageynst the seid William. 1628Disc. Jesuits' Coll. (Camd. Soc.) 22 They..ministred matter sufficient for their legal conviction. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals i. iii. 69 For the conviction of a Bishop, there was seventy-two witnesses requir'd. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 421 This forfeiture commences from the time of conviction. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 360 The perjury of the witnesses placed an effectual barrier against conviction.
b. with a and pl.
1787T. Dogherty (title) Crown Circuit Assistant; being a collection of precedents of Indictments, Informations, Convictions by Justices. 1827Bentham Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VII. 314 Convictions pronounced by justices of the peace acting out of sessions. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 229/1 Convictions generally proceed on the verdict of a jury; but our law also admits of summary convictions, without the intervention of a jury, in certain circumstances.
†2. Demonstration, proof. Obs.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xvi. 144 We..rest sufficiently confirmed in the experiments of worthy enquirers: Wherein to omit the ancient conviction of Apollonius, we shall set downe some few of moderne Writers. 1647Jer. Taylor Dissuas. Popery i. §5 The words of Saint Austin may suffice, as being an evident conviction, what was the doctrine of the primitive church in this question.
†3. The proving a person to be in error; confutation. Obs.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. §8 (T.) To convict hereticks..to use the principal instrument of their conviction, the light of reason. 1661Bramhall Just Vind. v. 99 Although their silence..be a sufficient conviction of them, and a sufficient vindication of us.
†4. The proving (of error, etc.) to be such; detection and exposure. Obs.
a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 417 Nothing was contained in those books which did make to the conviction of their heresies. 1647Jer. Taylor Dissuas. Popery ii. title-p., Further reproof and conviction of the Roman errors. 1653Manton Exp. James iii. 17 It is a sleepy zeal that letteth errors go away quietly without conviction. 1724A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 279 [It] makes his conviction of mistakes in some cases difficult.
5. The bringing any one to recognize the truth of what he has not before accepted; convincing.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. Apol. 557 This Conviction to what is false, or Inconviction to what is true, arises not from any fault of his, but is invincible Ignorance. 1692Locke Toleration Wks. 1727 II. ii. 264 [They] seek only the Compliance, but concern themselves not for the Conviction of those they punish. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 299 To require something more for the conviction of the experimentalist. 1828Whately Rhet. i. Introd., The Conviction of those who are either of a contrary opinion to the one maintained, or who are in doubt whether to admit or deny it.
6. The mental state or condition of being convinced; strong belief on the ground of satisfactory reasons or evidence; settled persuasion.
1699Pepys Diary VI. 197, I little expected to have been ever brought so near to a conviction of the reality of it. 1719J. Richardson Sc. Connoisseur 40, I am serious, and speak from Conviction, and Experience. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 207 ⁋6 A painful conviction of his defects. 1828Carlyle Life Werner Misc. I. 109 His belief is likely to have been persuasion rather than conviction. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede 20 The quiet depth of conviction with which she spoke.
b. Phrase. to carry conviction (carry 28 d).
1817Keatinge Trav. II. 168 In order to carry conviction home on the subject, our Palinurus now ran us ashore for the second time. 1846Greener Sc. Gunnery 27 Reasons..such as carry with them a conviction of their truth. 1864D. Mitchell Sev. Stor. 60 An earnestness and directness..that carried conviction to the neighbors.
7. An opinion or belief held as well proved or established; a firm or settled persuasion.
1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. III. 209 Consistent with the conviction that Manzoni is a man of high and original genius. 1883Froude Short Stud. IV. ii. i. 168 In the masses of the people the convictions which they had inherited were still present.
8. Theol. The fact or condition of being convicted or convinced of sin. under conviction(s: in the state of awakened consciousness of sin. Cf. convincement 4.
1675Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 294 Oh, how many men and women have fallen under such deep convictions, that they have day and night cried out of their sins, and of their lost and undone estates. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 114 A work of grace in the soul discovereth itself..It gives him conviction of sin. 1821Hist. Geo. Desmond 279 My soul was at that very time groaning under deep convictions.
†9. Overthrow, defeat. Obs. rare.
1631Chapman Cæsar & Pompey v. i, Would Cæsar knew, Sir, how you conquerd him In your conuiction.
10. Comb.
1786Francis the Philanthropist I. 139 Certain myrmidons..in the expectation of conviction-money, are so extremely unwilling that a highwayman or house-breaker should escape punishment, etc. 1869W. P. Mackay Grace & Truth (1875) 13 Your name may have been written in the sheets of the Newgate conviction-book for murderers. |