| 释义 |
contestation|kɒntɛˈsteɪʃən|
[ad. L. contestātiōn-em, n. of action from contestārī: see contest v. The senses are partly from L., ancient and mediæval, partly from F. contestation dispute, contest (late 16th c. in Littré). Cotgr., 1611, has
‘A contestation; a protestation, taking or calling to witnesse; also, a contesting, striuing, debating, reasoning, brabling about a matter: also a contestation against; a gainsaying, denying, or waging, of Law.’]
†I. 1. a. The action of calling or taking to witness, adjuration; solemn appeal or protest. Obs.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Pref. 4 b, With all kyndes of delusion and iuggleyng..of sophisticall learnyng, of holy contestacions. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) I. 40/1 Again..John spake unto him, and desired him in like manner and contestation as before. 1614Raleigh Hist. World iii. vi. 6 No intreatie, nor contestation would suffice to hold them together. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Acts xxiii. 3 Ananias his insolent and injurious injunction, St. Paul's zealous answer and contestation [‘God shall smite thee’, etc.].
b. In the Gallican liturgy, the prayer immediately preceding the Canon of the Mass.
1727–41[see preface n. 1]. 1863[see illation 2]. 1880Scudamore in Smith & Cheetham Dict. Chr. Ant. II. 1197/2 The Contestation invariably ended with the Sanctus. Ibid. 1695/1 The Roman words of contestation are, ‘Vere dignum et justum est’ [etc.].
†2.
a. Solemn asseveration, or oath. Obs.
1614T. Adams Devil's Banquet 8 Hath he bound himselfe with the spels of diuellish contestations..not to eat or drinke till he hath killed Paul? 1618G. Mynshul Ess. Prison, Jaylors 31 Any oath or contestation of the worthiest Gentleman.
†b. Confirmation by oath or testimony, conjoint attestation. Obs.
1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 78 Let the gentleman subscribe his name, next after the Bishop..in the contestation of any instrument or solemne acte. 1642Jer. Taylor Episc. xli. (1647) 291 But this is too known, to need a contestation.
II.
3. See litiscontestation.
1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 469 That after the contestation of the suit, there be no matter of any dilatorie exceptions alledged to hinder the proceedings. [1875Poste Gaius iii. (ed. 2) 445 Contestation is when both parties exclaim, ‘Give your attestation.’ It marks the definitive settlement of the issue to be tried.]
4. Disputation or controversy, as between parties at law; verbal contention; keen argumentation.
1580North Plutarch (1676) 974 Being weary with the contestations of certain Pleaders, he [Augustus] went in choler out of his Seat. 1657Earl of Monmouth tr. Paruta's Polit. Disc. 94 They were still at contestation between themselves. 1682Dryden Relig. Laici Pref. (Globe) 187 That Belief was drawn up after a long contestation with Arius. 1741Middleton Cicero ii. vii. (ed. 3) 214 This counsil prevailed after many warm contestations. 1861Sat. Rev. 21 Sept. 305 One or two of the witnesses speak of the subject of contestation as certain Spiegeln (mirrors) which Guttenberg was desirous of producing.
5. The action of struggling together as adversaries; contention, conflict, contest.
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. ii. 43 Your Wife and Brother Made warres vpon me, and their contestation Was Theame for you. 1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter iii. 10 Fire and water cannot meet without a hissing contestation. 1647May Hist. Parl. iii. iv. 82 The fortune of Warre..had been very various, and daily contestations happened. 1816F. H. Naylor Hist. Germany I. ii. xv. 716 The few sources of sustenance..became objects of daily contestation.
6. Competition; emulation, rivalry. (Now Sc.)
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 332 The king of the Aethiopians is entred into contestation and contention with me, as touching wisedome [ἔχει πρὸς ἐµὲ σοϕίας ἅµιλλαν]. 1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. v. §5. 77 Among [men] there is a contestation of honour and preferment..whence hatred and envy. 1876Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. ii. vi. 230 Corporations, who [1650–1750] adopted not ‘contestation’ for determining the merits of candidates. 1885Ogilvie's Imp. Dict. s.v., The appointment was made by public contestation.
7. The contesting or disputing (of a point, claim, etc.). in contestation: in dispute.
1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. 1. Pref. §41 So farre as concernes the points in contestation. 1698Sidney Disc. Govt. (1704) 379 No Rule can be so exact, to make provision against all contestations. 1840Mill Diss. & Disc., Th. Vision (1859) II. 84 This apparent paradox was no sooner published than it took its place, almost without contestation, among established opinions. 1868E. Seyd Bullion 2 There are not many of them open to contestation.
8. An assertion contended for; a contention.
1880Fortn. Rev. Apr. 522 The Austrian contestation has never ceased to be that the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina are not ripe for self government. 1884Ld. Watson in Law Rep. 9 Appeal Cases 76 The appellant's contestation upon this point is untenable. |