| 释义 |
constitutive, a. and n.|ˈkɒnstɪˌtjuːtɪv|
[f. L. type *constitūtīvus (perh. in med.L.), f. constitūt- ppl. stem: see constitute and -ive. F. constitutif, -ive is in Cotgrave 1611.]
A. adj.
1. a. Having the power of constituting, establishing, or giving formal, definite, or organized existence to something; constructive.
In the Kantian Philosophy, constitutive ideas or principles of reason are opposed to regulative, q.v.
1592West Symbol. i. § 46 An Instrument constitutive is such an Instrument under the proper hand of the party as testifieth and describeth some contract of some debt or dutie to be paied, or some fact to be done or performed as an obligation. 1670Baxter Cure Ch. Div. 277 The Churches Constitutive or Governing Head. 1816Coleridge Statesm. Man. (1817) 367 Whether ideas are regulative only, according to Aristotle and Kant; or likewise constitutive, and one with the power and life of Nature. 1856Meiklejohn tr. Kant's Crit. P.R. 317. 1867 J. H. Stirling tr. Schwegler's Hist. Philos. 231 (Kant) These ideas, if not constitutive principles to extend our knowledge beyond the bounds of experience, are regulative principles to arrange experience. 1870Baldw. Brown Eccl. Truth 256 The great constitutive ideas which have moulded powerfully the institutions of society. 1879R. Adamson Philos. Kant 107 The principle [of the intelligibility of Nature]..under which we subsume real experience is not constitutive but regulative, a mere maxim of reason, and subjective.
b. Having the power of appointing to an office.
1682Eng. Elect. Sheriffs 37 The Concurrence, Vote and constitutive Consent of a competent number of Free-men.
2. That makes a thing what it is; forming an essential part or element; essential.
1610Bp. Hall Apol. agst. Brownists 10 You call for a double separation,—a first separation in the gathering of the Church..But of this constitutiue separation anone. 1654Cromwell Sp. 12 Sept. (Carlyle), Government by a single person and a Parliament is a Fundamental; it is the esse; it is Constitutive. a1688Cudworth Immut. Mor. iv. vi. (R.), The constitutive essences of all individual created beings. 1853Trench Proverbs 16 Its constitutive element..is not the utterance on the part of the one, but the acceptance on the part of the many.
3. That makes up or goes to make up; forming a part or element; constituent, component.
a1640Jackson Wks. II. 637 All the learning which he hath besides..is no constitutive part of the faculty which he professeth. 1670Maynwaring Vita Sana i. 13 Subject to corruption and dissolution, through the fragility of constitutive parts. 1780Harris Philol. Enq. (1841) 428 The constitutive parts of the drama are six. 1861Mansel Aids to Faith i. 5 note, Constitutive elements of the revelation itself.
4. With of: That constitutes, makes, forms, establishes, or determines.
1658–9Burton's Diary (1828) III. 366 That may be essential to a Parliament that is not constitutive of a Parliament. 16842 Steps of Nonconf. Minister 11 Constitutive of duty. 1858Nat. Rev. Oct. 499 Of the three conceivable functions constitutive of a clerical order,—the Priestly, the Rabbinical, and the Prophetic,—the first is with us extinct.
†5. Of a constituted character. Obs.
1658–9Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 26 My judgment concurs wholly with your vote for two Houses. The question now is, what that House shall be, whether constitutive or restitutive.
6. constitutive equation (see quot. 1961).
1955W. Noll in Jrnl. Rational Mech. & Anal. IV. 17 The equations..are not sufficient to determine the motions of continuous media. We must have in addition certain constitutive equations defining the particular ideal material which we wish to study. These equations will be functional relations..between the stress..the density..and the motion. 1960J. L. Ericksen in Archive for Rational Mech. & Anal. IV. 233 As a general principle to be used in constructing constitutive equations, Truesdell has proposed that the stress and heat flux should be assumed to depend on the same variables. 1961W. Prager Introd. Mech. Continua iv. 88 The equations of continuity and motion do not contain any information regarding the mechanical properties of the continuum under consideration because they hold for any continuum. These properties are specified by the constitutive equation; this is a tensor equation, which establishes a relation between statical and kinematical tensors, for instance the stress or the stress rate..and the rate of deformation or the strain.
7. Biochem. Of, pertaining to, or being an enzyme or enzyme system that is continuously produced in an organism rather than depending on the presence of an inducer. Opp. inducible a. 1 c.
1932Biochem. Jrnl. XXVI. 1859 Karström..concluded that bacterial enzymes may be classified as either constitutive or adaptive. The former are invariably present in the bacteria; the presence of the latter depends on the presence..of the substrate upon which they act. 1953Nature 12 Dec. 1096/1 It is..possible to obtain mutants in which synthesis of a particular enzyme is wholly constitutive. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. x. 277 Mutants in either the regulator gene or the operator segment are detected as ‘constitutive mutants’; they synthesize both enzymes at maximum rate irrespective of the presence or absence of inducer. 1968A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) 683 Constitutive enzymes remain at the same level regardless of the amount of potential inducer added to the cell culture. 1981Sci. Amer. June 69/2 Many Gram-negative bacteria also produce a beta-lactamase, and in these organisms the enzyme is often constitutive.
†B. as n. A constitutive part or element, a constituent. Obs. rare.
1647Power of the Keys iv. 73, I much wonder why..in the number of the constitutives of externall communion, publick prayer is not mentioned. 1697J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 51 According to his compleat Essential Form or Constitutive.
Hence ˌconstituˈtivity Biochem., the property of being constitutive (sense 7 above).
1953[see inducibility]. 1968Biochim. & Biophys. Acta CLXVI. 589 (heading) Constitutivity of thymidine phosphorylase in deoxyriboaldolase negative strains: dependence on thymine requirement and concentration. 1975Nature 6 Mar. 31/1 A mutation leading to strong constitutivity for a uric acid-xanthine permease in..Aspergillus nidulans has been found to be tightly linked to the putative structural gene whose expression it controls. 1978Molecular & Gen. Genetics CLXVI. 256/2 The durOh mutation causes high constitutivity of urea amidolyase synthesis. |