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▪ I. consort, n.1|ˈkɒnsɔːt|
[a. F. consort, fem. consorte mate, fellow, partner, wife (= It., Sp. consorte), ad. L. consors, -ortem sharing property in common, sharer, partner, colleague, comrade, f. con- together + sors, sortem lot. (Orig. conˈsort.)]
†1. A partner, companion, mate; a colleague in office or authority. Obs.
1419J. Alcetre in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 21. I. 70 The Maire and his consortes havyth y rendyd yowre size. 1592Greene Upst. Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.). II. 219 To seeke good consorts and companions. c1592Marlowe Jew of Malta v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 177 Now, as for Calymath and his consorts, Here have I made a dainty gallery. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. i, I scorne it, I..to be a consort for euery hum-drum. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. xii. 94 Adam and Francis his two consorts were fled. 1629Massinger Picture v. iii, Take the advice of your learn'd consort. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 963 With him Enthron'd Sat Sable-vested Night, eldest of things, The consort of his Reign. a1734North Lives I. 99 Consorts and coadjutors, as well as adversaries in business. 1755N. Magens Insurances I. 295 The said Capt. Charles Alden and Lazaro Damiani and other Consorts in this Cause.
†b. transf. and fig. Obs. (exc. as fig. to 3).
1607T. Walkington Opt. Glass 48 This wit is ever a consort with judgement. 1658Sir H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 214 Make devout books your discreet Consorts. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 526 What will they then But force the Spirit of Grace it self, and binde His consort Libertie. 1833I. Taylor Fanat. i. 5 That love which is to be the consort of knowledge.
2. A ship sailing in company with another.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. xi. lxii. (1612) 272 Then Chancelor, his onely ship remayning of that fleete..sailes with his consorts to meete. 1628Digby Voy. Medit. (1868) 26, I carried out three lightes fore and aft, that if I passed by my consortes they might see them. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. v. 179 At the beginning of this chace the Centurion ran her two consorts out of sight. 1820Scoresby Arctic Regions I. 78. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xx. (1856) 155 Our consort, the Rescue..had shared in this discovery.
3. A partner in wedded or parental relations; a husband or wife, a spouse. Used in conjunction with some titles, as queen-consort, the wife of a king; so king-consort, prince-consort (the latter the title of Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria).
1634W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. Ded. Note, Your selfe, and your vertuous Consort. 1640–4Chas. I in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1692) iii. I. 521 His dearest Consort the Queen, and his dear daughter the Princess Mary. 1667E. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. (1684) 220 The Queen-Consort also doth the like to divers poor Women. 1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4126/2 The Envoy was..introduced to the Empress Consort. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. x. 406 Her Consort still persuaded her to enjoy the diversions of the court. 1788Wesley Wks. (1872) VI. 299 Unless we should place our consorts and our children on an equal footing with them [our parents]. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 400 A queen consort could not be seised to a use. 1845Stephen Laws Eng. II. 262 The Queen, whether regnant or consort. 1861Court Circular 13 Dec., Windsor Castle, Dec. 13..His Royal Highness the Prince Consort passed a restless night.
b. Used of animals.
1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 142 In June the males return to shore, and by August are joined by their consorts. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 132 At the very first cast, I hooked the consort of the fish I had taken the day before.
▪ II. consort, n.2|ˈkɒnsɔːt|
[n. of action from consort v. and, like the vb., accented conˈsort by all the poets till c 1612: cf. resort, accord, etc. (A rare OF. consorte ‘union, company, coterie’, cited by Godef. from a single writer, can hardly have had any connexion with this.) In the musical uses (senses 3–6), however, there can be no doubt that consort was from the beginning an erroneous representation of F. concert, It. concerto: this unfamiliar foreign word being, from similarity of pronunciation, confounded with the familiar one, with sense 2 of which it had contiguity of meaning. But in the course of the 18th c. the correct form concert gradually took its place.]
I. Connected with consort v.
†1. A number of people consorting together; a fellowship, partnership, company. Obs.
1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. vi. iii. 94, 20 women of that consort..were poisoned. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. i. 64 What saist thou? Wilt thou be of our consort? Say I, and be the captaine of vs all. 1598Bacon Sacr. Medit. vii. (Arb.) 117 It is for the good of the Church, that there bee consorts of men freed from the cares of this world. 1601Holland Pliny II. 541 Among a consort or company of other virgins. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 483 Herein you may heare the concent of a Consort of Authors. 1702Eng. Theophrast. 130 There is hardly such another pest in a commonwealth as a consort of parasites.
b. A company of ships sailing together. Obs.
1591G. Fletcher Russe Commw. (Hakluyt) 11 About 17 or 18 fleete of them..which divide themselves into divers companies, five or six boates in a consort. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Conserve, Navires de conserve, ships of a Fleet, or of one consort. 1653,1699[see d.].
c. Society, company. of consort: social. Obs.
1607T. Walkington Opt. Glass 68 A solein monastick life, never..delighted with consort. 1675Evelyn Terra (1729) 23 Our Junipers and Cypress..are trees of Consort, and thrive not well alone.
d. in consort: in partnership; in company.
1611Bible 2 Kings viii. 16 marg., Jehoram..began to reign in consort with his father. 1626Bacon Sylva Marg. notes, §§1 to 17. Experiments in Consort. ― §§24 to 35. Experiment Solitary. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xlix. 189 To give advice to the Ships of Bengala, that they should come all carefully in consort together. 1668Glanvill Plus Ultra 52 Instances must be..examined singly and in consort. 1699Roberts Voy. Levant 13 These Corsairs go sometimes in Consort two or three together. 1731Rape of Helen i. 20 When you in consort tript Phalacra's green.
†2.
a. Accord; agreement; concurrence. [Related to consort v. 6.] Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. xii. 4 The people..To him assembled with one full consort. 1591Troub. Raigne K. John ii. (1611) 78 Why shines the Sunne to fauour this consort? 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 246 If you shall change Lewis the twelfth for Lewis the Eleuenth:—then the Consort is more perfect. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. vi. §30 He is reported to have entailed (by Heaven's Consort) an hereditary Vertue on his Successours.
b. in consort: in accord; in concert (with which it finally blends). Obs.
1634Ford P. Warbeck iii. ii, I'll lend you mirth, sir, If you will be in consort. 1729T. Cooke Tales, &c. 43 In Consort to my Friend my Passions move. 1793Ld. Auckland Corr. (1861) III. 10 A cordial disposition..to act in consort with me.
II. = concert of music.
†3.
a. The accord or harmony of several instruments or voices playing or singing in tune. Obs.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1552/2 Both by voice and instruments of consort. [1588R. Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 173 Diuers instruments, whereon they played with great consort, some one time and some an other.] 1674Playford Skill Mus. ii. 99 The Tenor-Viol is an excellent inward Part, and much used for Consort. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. iv. 66 Choice Instruments..in sweet melodious Consort joyn'd.
b. (with a and pl.) A singing or playing in harmony; a harmonious combination of voices or instruments; the harmonious music so produced.
1586Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. iv. iv, Methinks 'tis a great deal better than a consort of musick. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. ii. 84 Visit by night your Ladies chamber-window With some sweet Consort. 1604T. Wright Passions v. ii. 164 The church, for this same effect, vseth the Consorts of musical instruments. 1626[see 6]. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 52 Their armes and legs were adorned with Bels, which with the other musique, made a consort. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. I. 295 The singing together Consorts of Praise. 1711Addison Spect. No. 5 ⁋3 The musick proceeded from a Consort of Flagellets and Bird-calls. 1883Chappell in Aldis Wright Shaks. Hen. V Notes 235 Some instruments, such as viols, violins, flutes, etc., were formerly made in sets of four, which when played together formed a ‘consort’. [Hence, app., the erroneous statement that ‘consort of viols’ was = chest of viols: cf.1880Grove Dict. Mus. I. 384.] c. transf. and fig. Obs.
1586W. Massie Serm. Trafforde Marriage, There be foure parts in the commonwealth..when these foure partes agree in a sweet consort and melody. 1589Nashe Almond for Parrat 5 b, Talke of a Harmonie of the Churches..heere would be a consort of knauerie. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. i. 40 Wonder was to heare their [birds'] trim consort. 1651J. F[reake] Agrippa's Occ. Philos. 259 The Tone of particulars, and proportionated Consorts obeyeth the nine Muses. 1667Decay Chr. Piety xix. §8 (1683) 366 A consort of plaudites. 1712Addison Spect. No. 418 ⁋7 His Consorts of Birds may be as full and harmonious.
d. in consort: = in concert. Obs.
1621Quarles Esther Div. Poems (1717) 2 The crafty serpent and the fearful Hart Shall join in Consort, and each bear a part. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 24 If he join not in Consort with all the Creatures to praise their common God. a1789Burney Hist. Mus. I. viii. (ed. 2) 127 Several parts..sung in consort.
4. A company or set of musicians, vocal or instrumental, making music together. In mod. use, one specializing in the performance of early (esp. Renaissance and baroque) music.
1587Fleming Cont. Holinshed III. 1320/2 A full consort of musike, who plaid still verie dolefull musike. 1606Holland Sueton. 262. 1616 Bullokar, Consort, a company, or a company of Musitions together. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Employment vi, Lord place me in thy consort; give one strain To my poore reed. 1656Earl of Monmouth Advt. fr. Parnass. 320 The ignorant consort of trivial Fidlers. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 160/1 A Consort is many Musitians playing on several Instruments. 1704Steele Lying Lover i. (1747) 22 Each Consort vy'd by turns Which with most Melody shou'd charm our Ears.
1957P. White Voss xi. 336 The invisible consort in the gallery began to pick over the first, fragile notes of music. 1963Consort July 206 Dennis Nesbitt, whose Elizabethan Consort took part in the recording. 1976D. Munrow Instr. Middle Ages & Renaissance ix. 87/3 (caption) A modern viol consort: treble, tenor, two basses. 1978A. S. Byatt Virgin in Garden xxxii. 290 There was no music; the Consort had not yet come to rehearsals.
†5. A musical entertainment in which a number of performers take part: = concert 4. Obs.
1671Evelyn Diary (1827) II. 357 Sir Joseph..gave us..a handsome supper, and after supper a consort of music. 1697C'tess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 258 There's not a Night passes without foure or five hundred Consorts of Musick, in several parts of the Town. 1708Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 126 A Consort of Musick in y⊇ Theatre. 1727Farley's Exeter Jrnl. 24 Mar., At the large Musical Room..will be held a Consort of Vocal and Instrumental Musick. 1774Mrs. Delany Let. 16 Sept., I had rather hear it than any of their modern Operas and Consorts.
6. attrib.
1607Dekker Knts. Conjur., To this consort-rome resort none but the children of Phœbus (poets and musitions). 1611Morley (title), The First Booke of Consort Lessons. 1626Bacon Sylva §278 In that Music which we call broken-music or consort-music, some consorts of instruments are sweeter that others. 1674Playford Skill Mus. ii. 91 The Viol (usually called) de Gambo, or Consort Viol. 1694Phil. Trans. XVIII. 69 In movements of Consort-Musick.
1976Early Music Oct. 382 Those chemists, doctors, and income tax inspectors who at leisure took up their lutes, viols, recorders and crumhorns to participate in consort music. 1976D. Munrow Instruments Middle Ages & Renaissance ix. 87/2 If such a deep-pitched consort existed what did it play, since consort repertoire descending to G′ is conspicuously lacking? 1980New Grove Dict. Mus. IV. 674/2 The sources of English mixed consort music are unusual in that they specify with some precision which instruments are involved.
▪ III. consort, v.|kənˈsɔːt|
[Found first in end of 16th c. The origin and early history are obscure and complicated. It is possible that the different senses had two or even three different origins. Thus, branch I was app. formed on consort n.1, with the notion of ‘act as a consort to’. Branch II cannot be separated from a simple verb sort, very common from c 1570 onwards in all the senses 3–6 below. In sense 3 there was obviously sometimes association with L. sors, sortem, F. sort lot, fate, destiny. Branch III is intimately associated with consort n.2, branch II. But even if thus originally distinct, the senses appear to have been considered as belonging to one word, and to have mutually influenced each other, for some uses combine the different ideas: cf. 4, 5, with 1; 7 with 3, 5, 6. Cf. also obs. It. consortare ‘to consort together’ (Florio, 1611), f. consorte mate, consort. There were also med.L. vbs. consortare, -ari, to lie adjacent, have common boundaries. No trace of the vb. appears in French, Old or New.]
I.
†1. trans. To accompany, keep company with; to escort, attend. Obs.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. ii. i. 178 Sweet health and faire desires consort your grace. 1609Heywood Brit. Troy xvi. iv, Ten thousand voluntary men unprest Consort him. 1615― Foure Prentises Wks. 1874 II. 217 Wilt thou consort me, beare me company. c1611Chapman Iliad viii. 389 They in golden thrones Consorted other Deities, replete with passions. 1618― Hesiod's Georg. i. 309 Ill-complexion'd Spight Shall consort all the miserable plight Of men then living. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 12 The sayd ship consorting another of a hundred tonnes.
†2. To be a consort or spouse to, to espouse; to have sexual commerce with. Obs.
1615Chapman Odyss. i. 429 And such as may consort with grace So dear a daughter of so great a race. 1618― Hesiod's Bk. Days 46 The great Twentieth day Consort thy wife.
II.
3. To associate in a common lot, to sort together (persons or things). Const. with.
1588R. Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 65 The other sort of souldiers are strangers, and are consorted for yeares or monethes to serue. 1593Donne Sat. i. (R.), In this..wooden chest, Consorted with these few books, let me lie In prison. 1596M. Roydon Elegy in Spenser's Wks. (Globe) 569/1 Consort me quickly with the dead. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. ii. Wks. (1851) 29 As it were consorted in the same destiny the with decrease and fall of vertue. 1833T. Hamilton Men & Mann. Amer. I. vi. 147 He is consorted involuntarily with people to whom he is bound by no tie. 1836I. Taylor Phys. Th. Another Life (1857) 178 The heterogeneous elements..consorted within the animal organization. 1868Milman St. Paul's 333 Atheism, with which it [Arminianism] was consorted in popular language.
†4. refl. To associate oneself (with), to keep company. Obs. (Cf. consorted, quot. 1588.)
1594J. King Ionas (1618) 136 They had entertained and consorted themselues with disobedient Ionas. 1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. ii. vi, That you can consort yourselves with such poor Seam-rent Fellows. 1607Dekker Westw. Hoe i. Wks. 1873 II. 287 Your consorting your selfe with Noble men..hath vndone vs. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts N.T. 209, I have written to you..not to consort yourselves in the company of inordinate Christians. 1692Locke Educ. (1727) §212 When he begins to consort himself with men, and thinks himself one.
5. intr. To associate, to join or keep company.
1588–98Hakluyt Voy. I. ii. 222 All these consorted to goe to Goa together, and I determined to goe with them, and caused a palanchine to be made for me of canes. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts N.T. 141 Consorting in their frugal and temperate meales. 1680H. More Apocal. Apoc. 170 To consort together. 1816Southey Poet's Pilgr. i. 33 So we consorted here as seemed best. 1847Emerson Poems, Saadi Wks. (Bohn) I. 472 Men consort in camp and town, But the poet dwells alone. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country 195 O friend, who makest warm my wintry world, And wise my heaven, if there we consort too!
b. Const. with; also of ships.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 386 They..must for aye consort with black-browd night. 1605― Macb. ii. iii. 141 Let's not consort with them. 1611Bible Acts xvii. 4. 1667 Milton P.L. ix. 954 If Death Consort with thee, Death is to mee as Life. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 39 We sailed from hence..we consorted, because Captain Yanky..was afraid the French would take away his Bark. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 141 ⁋10, I consorted with none that looked into books. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. 314 [He] kept loose company and consorted with actors. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 609 They consorted with Lutherans.
c. To have intercourse with. (? related to 2.)
c1600Timon i. v. (1842) 18 Louelie Venus sported And with Mars consorted. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 108 He ceased to consort with her. 1886Law Times LXXXI. 178/2 The damages he has sustained by some man consorting with his wife.
6. To accord, agree, harmonize:
a. to;
b. with.
1599Warn. Faire Wom. i. 447 Neither time Nor place consorted to my mind. 1641Hinde J. Bruen vii. 25 A godly young woman..well consorting to himselfe and his Sonne. 1854S. Dobell Balder xvi. 67 So that like to like consort.
1607T. Walkington Opt. Glass iv. (1664) 55 Sorrow carries too pale a visage, to consort with his Claret Deity. 1634R. H. Salerne's Regim. Pref. 2 That which consorts with their Nature. 1863Mrs. C. Clarke Shaks. Char. xiv. 364 The decoration of the poetry, consorting..with the rural simplicity of the subject. 1866Mill in Edin. Rev. CXXIII. 362 It did not consort with his idea of scientific government.
III. [Cf. consort n.2 II.]
†7. To combine in musical harmony; to play, sing or sound together. (trans. and intr.) Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xii. 70 All that pleasing is to living eare Was there consorted in one harmonee. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. i. 51 Heere's my fiddlesticke, heere's that shall make you daunce. Come consort. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. (1641) 43/2 Suffer, at least, to my sad dying voyce, My dolefull fingers to consort their noise. 1616Drumm. Hymn True Happiness, To haue the wit and will Consorting in one straine. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Easter iii, Consort both heart and lute, and twist a song Pleasant and long. 1662J. Tatham Aqua Tri. 3 The Watermen who are continually in action, consort into this Song, being set for three parts. 1694W. Holder Harmony (1731) 48 If the Length of A be to that of B as 3 to 2, and consequently the Vibrations as 2 to 3, their Sounds will consort in a Fifth. a1734North Lives II. 88 He had an harpsichord at his bed-chamber-door, which a friend touched to his voice. But he cared not for a set of masters to consort it with him. |