| 释义 |
conservator|ˈkɒnsəveɪtə(r)|
Also 5–7 -our, (-itor).
[a. AF. conservatour = F. -ateur (14th c. in Littré), ad. L. conservātōr-em keeper, n. of action f. conservāre to conserve. Johnson, Walker, Smart (1849) and others accent conserˈvātor; the earlier form after F. was conˈservător.]
1. One who preserves from injury; a preserver, guardian, keeper, custodian.
1417Hen. V. in Rymer Fœdera (1710) IX. 630 We wol have Conservatours for his party. 1678Lively Oracles v. §32 (1684) 299 The Christian Church..is the guardian and conservator of holy writ. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 927 To be the Conservators of the Publick Liberties. 1713Derham Phys. Theol. v. xvi. 259 The infinite Conservator of the World. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 446 The real conservators of the wealth were the priests. 1859Holland Gold F. ix. 108 Connubial love, as a conservator of the youthful feeling of the soul. 1871Browning Pr. Hohenst. 303 A conservator, call me, if you please, Not a creator nor destroyer: one Who keeps the world safe.
†b. A thing that preserves; pl. glasses for preserving the sight. Obs. exc. as fig. of prec.
c1400Destr. Troy 8779 Oþer maters..Conseruatours by craft, þat cointly were made. c1420Pallad. on Husb. ii. 143 Of cold and moist conservatour flyntstone is. 1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) ix. iv, Faith is both the originall and principall constitutor and conservator of the weale publike. 1597Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 172 He must..use conservatours of greene glasse.
c. The official custodian or keeper of a building, museum, etc.
1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 364 Under the Corps de Logis is the capital prison. In the conservator's apartments..are two celebrated statues. 1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. I. Introd. 104 The conservator and assistant-conservator of the museum.
2. In various titles official or descriptive.
1425Ord. Whittington's Alms-house in Entick London (1766) IV. 354 The keepers of the commonalty of the craft of mercers to be called conservators of the..house. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 380 To be called conservitors or kepers of the articles of this seid yelde. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 159 Bishop of the cite of Rome, and Conseruator of the crysten feith. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. 56 He ordeyned..according to the Counsayle of Plato, certaine persons, whiche were named Conservators of the weale publike. a1626Bacon New Atl. (1650) 3 He was warned by the Conservatour of Health, of the City, that he should keepe a distance. 1669Woodhead St. Teresa ii. xxxv. 235 The conservators of the city..told us, they were not a whit sorry for the licence granted. 1853Felton Fam. Lett. xxvi. (1865) 237 The conservator of antiquities has given me free admission to the Acropolis for a year. 1889W. Lockhart Ch. Scot. in 13th Cent. 118 He was known in the assembly..as Conservator of the Council.
b. conservators of the peace (Custodes pacis): applied in a general sense, to the Sovereign, Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, Lord High Constable, the Justices of the King's Bench, Master of the Rolls, etc. spec. The Wardens of the Peace appointed in 1327; the precursors of the Justices of the Peace, created with extended powers in 1360.
[1330Act 4 Edw. III, c. 5 Devant les gardeins de la pees.] 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 488 A mercyfull kynge, of peas conseruatour, The thirde Edwarde. 1581Lambarde Eiren. i. iii. (1588) 13 Wardeins or Conseruators of the Peace. 1641Termes de la Ley 77. a 1716 Bp. O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 364 Magistrates in their publick and politick Capacity..by the Ordinance of God Conservators of the Publick Peace. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 350. 1815 Scott Guy M. vii, Since our friend's advancement to be a conservator of the peace he had caused the gate..to be newly hung and handsomely painted. 1848Wharton Law Lex. s.v., The coroner is also a conservator of the peace within his own county, as is also the sheriff; so are the constables, tything-men, and the like. 1863H. Cox Instit. iii. ii. 592 The sovereign is..the principal conservator of the peace of the kingdom. 1875J. Curtis Hist. Eng. 146 At the commencement of the reign of Edward III..It was ordained by parliament that conservators of the peace should be appointed.
c. conservators of a river: persons having charge of a river, its embankments, weirs, creeks, etc., and supervision of the fisheries, navigation, watermills, etc., thereon. Cf. conservacy.
In 13 & 17 Rich. II., they are called Conservatours des Estatuz, Conservators of the Statutes (touching the taking of Salmon, etc.). But the (later) title of the latter Act is De Conservatoribus Aquæ Thamisiæ.
1490Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 15 The Maior of the Citie of London..is conseruatour, hauing the conseruation of the water and riuer of Thames. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 573 Y⊇ mayre and his bretherne the aldermen, as conseruatours of that ryuer..opteyned commyssion to pull vp all the werys that stode atwene London and .vii. myles beyonde Kyngston, and..atwene London and Grauysende. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 234 Conservatour of the Thamyse. 1697Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 241 A long tryall between the town of Newcastle (as conservators of the river Tyne) and the dean and chapter of Durrham. 1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4714/4 The Conservators of the River Tone. 1852Humber Conservancy Act 2028 It shall be lawful for the Lords of the Admiralty to appoint a Conservator. 1881Times 7 Apr. 9/5 How far the duties of the Conservators are to extend beyond providing the mere mechanical precautions against floods.
†d. Conservator of Truce and Safe Conducts: an officer appointed in a sea-port ‘to enquire of all offences done against the King's Truce and Safe Conducts, upon the main sea, out of the liberties of the Cinque Ports’ (Cowell). Obs.
[1394Let. Rich. II in Rymer Fœdera VII. 765/2 Conservatores dictarum treugarum pro parte sua deputet, et eos onus conservatiæ hujusmodi in se assumere..compellat. 1414Act 2 Hen. V, c. 6 Et que en chacun port de meere soit fait et assigne desore enavant par le Roy par sez lettres patentz un loial homme appelle Conservatour des trieues et saufconduitz de Roy. (transl. In euery Port of the Sea shall be made and assigned from henceforth by the King by his Letters patents, one lawfull man called a Conseruator of the Truce and the King's Safe Conducts.)] 1641Termes de la Ley 76 Conservator of the Truce. 1649Selden Laws Eng. ii. xxii. (1739) 105 The Statute..concerning Free Trade, which had been prejudiced by the rigour of the Conservatours of the Truce. 1730–6in Bailey (folio).
†e. An officer appointed to protect the rights and settle the disputes of Scottish merchants in foreign ports or places of trade; a consul. Sometimes called C. of the Staple. Also an officer charged with the protection of English merchants in foreign countries in the 17th c. Obs.
1503Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1597) §81 That the Conseruatour of this Realme haue jurisdiction to do justice..betuix merchand and merchande in thay partes beȝond sea. 1638R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 71 Your Conservatour has written to the king that some munition is coming to us from Campheir. 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2371/3 Sir James Kennedy, Conservator of the Scotish Priviledges in the Netherlands. 1694tr. Milton's Lett. of State 316 (Cromwell to K. of Portugal, Aug. 1658), Being a stranger..he..demanded the Judgment of the Conservator, appointed to determine the Causes of the English; but was sent back to the Cognizance of that Court, from which he had appeal'd. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 672 Charles Stewart, Esq; lord conservator of the Scotch privileges at Campvere. |