| 释义 |
▪ I. rad, n.1|ræd|
Also Rad.
Abbrev. of radical n. 5.
1820Lady J. Campbell Let. 18 Nov. in Duke of Argyll Intimate Society Lett. (1910) II. 654 We shut all our shutters for fear our lights shd seem Rads too. 1831Lincoln Herald 7 Jan., The tricolor rads of this Borough. 1852P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 344 Hooted at by the scum and rads at this dirty end of the town. 1882Besant All Sorts (1884) 139 He is the reddest of red-hot Rads and the most advanced of Republicans. 1898H. N. Page Red Rock xxxiv. 411 He..was abusing Leech and Still and pretty much all the Rads. 1912J. Galsworthy Eldest Son i. ii. 27 Plenty of time to work up the constituency before we kick out these infernal Rads. 1973R. Hayes Hungarian Game viii. 61 A clumsy bribe and a gambit about student rads.
▪ II. rad, n.2
[Abbrev. of raddle n.1]
In phr. rad and dab: see raddle n.1 2.
1887in Dict. Archit. VII.
▪ III. rad, n.3|ræd|
Abbrev. of radian.
1913Godfrey & Siddons Four-Figure Tables 38 Radians and degrees... Rad. 1960C. L. McClure Theory of Inertial Guidance i. 11 The total inertial angular velocity of the terrestrial geoid: ωEI = 7·2921 . 10-5 rad/sec...measured in radians per mean solar second. 1973Nature 6 Apr. 372/3 The Mars 2 and 3 experiments were intended to give a continuous scan of the planet's surface using a field of vision of 0·01 rad (15 km from a distance of 1,500 km).
▪ IV. † rad, n.4 Obs.|ræd|
[f. radiation.]
A unit of X-ray dose (see quots.).
1918S. Russ in Arch. Radiol. & Electrotherapy XXIII. 226 [I venture to put forward a suggestion for a new unit, by which the dose of X rays administered to a patient may be measured; the new unit is primarily intended for use in what is known as ‘deep therapy’.] Ibid. 231 The radium capsule, when applied to malignant cells, causes complete inhibition of their proliferation after an exposure thereto for one hour; this latter quantity is the suggested unit, viz., the Rad. 1922S. Russ et al. in Lancet 4 Feb. 213/1 As yet there is no international unit by which X rays are measured, and during the course of this work we have employed the ‘rad’ as our working unit—i.e., the minimum dose of X rays which..is needed to prevent the growth of Jensen's rat sarcoma when inoculated into normal rats.
▪ V. rad, n.5|ræd|
Abbrev. of radiator. Also attrib.
1935F. B. Young White Ladies v. vi. 558 The rads are stone-cold. 1967L. Deighton Expensive Place xxvii. 169 He..opened up the rad cap. 1975J. Symons Three Pipe Problem iii. 28 It was an air bubble, we've bled the rads. 1977Hot Car Oct. 19/2 The fan should be left off and an electric one fitted in front of the rad.
▪ VI. rad, n.6|ræd|
Pl. rad, rads.
[f. initial letters of radiation absorbed dose.]
A unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation, corresponding to the absorption of 100 ergs of energy per gramme of absorbing material (0·01 joule per kilogramme).
In the International System of Units replaced by the gray, equal to 100 rads.
1954Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. XXVII. 243/1 The rad is the unit of absorbed dose and is 100 ergs per gramme. 1957Financial Times Ann. Rev. Brit. Industry 87/2 For example, a 1,000 curie cobalt source has a total power output of 15 watts and gives a radiation intensity of the order of 100 rads per second of high penetration at a convenient operating distance. 1968Times 16 Dec. 7/4 During the flight the three astronauts are expected to receive radiation doses of less than one rad a man, less than from chest X-ray series. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xxviii. 393 The minimum dose of radiation that will produce a doubling of the spontaneous mutation rate is likely to be in the region of 10 rad per 30 years. 1972‘J. Lange’ Binary 64 Two rad cartridges... Bars of plutonium-238 oxide. That's a radioactive isotope. 1976Lancet 6 Nov. 993/1 The intended tumour dose was 4000 rads in four weeks. 1976Path. Ann. XI. 368 (caption) Follicular thyroid carcinoma excised 26 years after approximately 700 rad were applied for enlarged tonsils and adenoids.
▪ VII. rad, a.1 and adv. Obs. exc. dial.|ræd|
Forms: 1 hrad, hræd, 1–3 ræd, 3–6 rade, 5–6 radde, 3–6 (9 dial.) rad.
[OE. hrad, hræd = OHG. hrad, hrat, ON. hrað-r (MSw. radh).]
A. adj. Quick, hasty, speedy; active, prompt, ready; eager, elated.
a700Epinal Gloss. 742 Percitus, hraed [Erfurt hrad]. c888K. ælfred Boeth. iv, Þu þe on hrædum færelde þone heofon ymbhweorfest. c897― Gregory's Past. xxxviii. 280 Sie æᵹhwelc mon swiðe hræd & swiðe ᵹeornfull to ᵹehieranne. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 41 Se gast is hræd [Hatton MS. ræd], þæt flæsc ys untrum. c1205Lay. 12318 Þer fore wes þe king glad & þiderward wes swiðe ræd. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2730 Ðu art of dede and o word to rad. a1310in Wright Lyric P. 45 Wymmen..beoth to rad upon huere red, To love [etc.]. c1400Destr. Troy 917 The freike..raght to his Ryng in a rad haste. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 1290 The tormentours wer ful rade To do tha[t] the Emperour bade. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 526 Cast we doun all, we mycht be demyt our rad. 1570Levins Manip. 7/41 Radde, agilis, promptus. 1876Whitby Gloss. s.v., ‘Either too rad or too sad’, as a variable person, over-elated or, otherwise, depressed. 1887S. Chesh. Gloss., Rad, quick, ready.
†B. adv. Quickly, readily, soon. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 998 Al ðat euere ðe louerd bad dede abraham redi and rad. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 862 Ryche robes ful rad renkkez hem broȝten. c1400Destr. Troy 9233 He made hym redy full rad, ron to the toun. 1486Bk. St. Albans F j b, Then ar thay glad In hope thay shall hym haue & renne so rad. c1525Priests of Peblis 1190 Thow thocht I was not wort ane prene, And that I am, ful rade on the will be sene.
▪ VIII. rad, a.2 Obs. exc. Sc.|ræd|
Also 3 raad, 3–5, 20 radd, 3–5 rade, 4–6 radde, 6 raed; 4, 8 rede; 4–8 red, 5 redd, 6 redde.
[a. ON. hrǽdd-r (Sw. rädd, Da. ræd) frightened, afraid, pa. pple. of hrǽða to frighten.]
Frightened, afraid, alarmed. Const. of, for, and infin.
c1200Ormin 2170 Ȝho drefedd wass & radd off Godess enngell. 13..Cursor M. 5097 Bes noght rad bot mas godd chere. Ibid. 23024 Þai for him sal be sa redd. a1340Hampole Psalter lxv. 8 All erthly lufers was rad for pyne. 1375Barbour Bruce xii. 431 Thai war rad till byd fichting. a1400–50Alexander 2510 Þan am I redd all oure rewme be reft vs for euire. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4627 For few perills were þai radd. 1513Douglas æneis ii. ii. 18 Semyng ful red, Behalding Troiane rowtis on athir hand. c1600Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 1392, I am red His hastyness bred us mishap. a1708Outlaw Murray xxvi. in Child Ballads V. 192/1, I am right rad of treasonrie. 1791J. Learmont Poems 284, I'm rede I tine the way. 1861R. Quinn Heather Lintie 56 We'd na be rad o' scath frae wather, Though snow was wreathin'. a1870H. S. Riddell Poet Wks. (1871) II. 250 That ye might saints and angels meet And no be rad. 1930in Sc. Nat. Dict. (1968) VII. 319/3 I'm radd ye ken mair aboot youres and sick like than yer buiks.
▪ IX. rad, a.3 N. Amer. slang.|ræd|
[Perh. a shortening of radical a.: cf. sense *3 g.]
Used as a term of approval: = cool a. 4 e; calmly detached; admirably up to date; outstandingly enjoyable, ‘fantastic’.
1982Maclean's 6 Sept. 48 Kim Robb..sat down with a group of Prairie teenagers to discuss things that were ‘cool’... ‘The word now,’ says Robb,..‘is rad.’ 1985New Yorker 25 Mar. 41/1, I jam on the taboos, but my sister was rad. 1987BMX Plus! Sept. 10/1 This was just the start of the raddest one-week vacation a freestyler has ever had. 1988Sunday Mail Mag. (Brisbane) 16 Oct. 25 (caption) Your son thinks he's so rad!
▪ X. rad
obs. f. raid n., obs. pa. tense read, rede, ride. |