| 释义 |
conqueror|ˈkɒŋkərə(r)|
Forms: 4 conquerur, 4–5 -roure, -querrour, 4–7 -querour, 5 -quirour, 6 -querer, (Sc. concreour), 6– conqueror.
[a. AF. conquerour, OF. conquereor (later conquereur, Cotgr.), oblique case of conquerere:—L. types *conquærētōrem, *conquærētor, agent-n. f. *conquærēre: see conquer.
Parallel forms in Pr. were quereire, enquereire, obl. case queredor. The corresponding nominative form in OF. would have -eire, -oire; but at an early date, this ending was conformed to -ere, the phonetic representative of the L. nominative -ātor. The various oblique forms -ātōrem, -ētōrem, -itōrem had fallen together phonetically as -edor, whence -eor, -eur; and the nominatives were analogically levelled under the most frequent form -ere.]
1. a. One who gains possession of a country, etc., by force of arms; one who subdues or subjugates a nation; one who conquers or vanquishes an adversary, a victor. (Cf. the synonymous conquestor, conquesor.)
a1300Cursor M. 3 (Cott.) Alisaunder þe conquerour. 1307Elegy Edw. I, in Pol. Songs (Camden) 250 Thou art cleped conquerour In uch bataille thou hadest pris. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1322 As conquerour of vche a cost he cayser watz hatte. 1398Trevisa Barth. De. P.R. xii. xi. (1495) 421 He that is ouercome is obedyente to the conquerour. a1400Morte Arth. 65 This ilke kyde conquerour. c1500Lancelot 343 The worthi conqueroure Arthure. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. v. 12 Both tugging to be Victors, brest to brest: Yet neither Conqueror, nor Conquered. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. iii. 209 In Warre, even the Conqueror is commonly a loser. 1769Robertson Chas. V, VI. vi. 114 The conquerors of that unfortunate quarter of the globe. 1839Thirlwall Greece VII. 367 After the battle, it remained for the conquerors to divide the spoil. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. 13 William was a foreign Conqueror, King in very truth only by the edge of the sword.
b. Used as a distinctive surname or title of victorious princes; esp. in Eng. Hist. of William I, often referred to familiarly as ‘the Conqueror’.
So far as English or Anglo Fr. evidence goes, there appears no reason to think that as applied to William I, this term or its corresponding med.L. conquæstor, conquestor, conquisitor (see conquestor) meant anything else than ‘conqueror’ in sense 1, = domitor or expugnator Anglorum, triumphator Angliæ of the contemporary chroniclers. The notion that conquestor had here only the sense of ‘acquirer’ or ‘purchaser’ as distinguished from ‘inheritor’ (see sense 2, and conquest 5, in Scotch Law), appears to have been first started by Spelman (or his posthumous editors), whence it was taken by Blackstone and later writers. The historical evidence as to the use of the word shows that the appellation Conqueror, Conquæstor was applied to William the Great, just as to Alexander the Great, to Charles the Great, to Jayme I of Arragon (el Conquistador), etc.
[cf.a1300,c1500, above.] a1300Cursor M. 24791 (Cott.) Willam basterd..He þat conquerur was gode, and for to warrai vnderstode; Sua stalworth man he was of hand, þat with his forse he wan the land. [c1300Langtoft Chron. (Rolls) I. 436 William le Conquerour..Engleterre conquist par graunt vasselage, Sur le ray Harald.] c1330R. Brunne Chron. Langtoft (1810) 86 William þe Conquerour..Alle England he wan þorgh his vassalage & Harold kyng ouer ran. Ibid. 85 The conquerour is laid at Kame dede in graue. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. lxiv, William, the Bastard and Concreour of Ingland, tuk the crown efter the slauchter of king Herald. 1598Bp. Hall Sat. iv. ii. 136 And tels how first his famous ancestor Did come in long since with the Conquerour. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. Pref., Down to the actual accession of William the Conqueror. 1869Ibid. (1876) III. xvi. 561 The work of the Conquest was now formally completed; the Conqueror sat in the royal seat of England.
c. transf. and fig.
c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 794 But who-so myghte wynnen swych a flour..He myghte seyn he were a conquerour. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 56 b, A conquerour of his owne wyll. 1557N. T. (Genev.) Rom. viii. 37 Neuerthelesse, in all these thynges we are more then conquerers, through him that loued vs. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iv. xiv. 62, I am conqueror of my selfe. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 399 The Saviour of mankind..must be a conqueror by a conquest greater than that of the world, the conquest of himself.
d. The victor in a contest of skill or strength, in a game, etc.
1656Cowley Pind. Odes (1687) 20 The Conquerours in the Olympique Games were..crowned with a Garland of Wild-Olive. 1674tr. Scheffer's Lapland xxiv. 108 And he that at one leap compasses the greatest space of ground, is reckon'd the Conqueror.
attrib.1601Holland Pliny I. 221 He made an end of the conquerour champion.
e. colloq. = Conquering game.
Mod. We have not time to play the conqueror [at whist].
f. = conker.
1821[see conquering vbl. n. b]. 1829, etc. in I. & P. Opie Children's Games (1969) vii. 232. 1884 R. Holland Gloss. Chester 78 Conquerors, a game played with horse-chestnuts threaded on a string... The chestnut which remains unhurt is then ‘conqueror of one’. 1913C. Mackenzie Sinister St. i. viii. 109 Michael much regretted that the etiquette of the Lent Term, which substituted peg-tops for Conquerors, should prevent his chestnut reaching four figures.
†2. Sc. Law. One who acquires property otherwise than by inheritance: see conquest 5. Obs.
1597Skene De Verb. Signif. s.v. Conquestus, Gif conquests lands, after the decease of the Conquerour, dois anis ascende to ony person. |