| 释义 |
▪ I. congress, n.|ˈkɒŋgrɛs|
[ad. L. congress-us going or coming together, meeting, f. congress-, ppl. stem of congred-ī to go together: see congredient: cf. F. congrès (congrez in Cotgr. 1611).]
1. a. The action of coming together (of persons); a meeting, interview.
1528Foxe in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. xxvi. 81 After iij or iiij congresses ye see no likelihode..to relent and cesse your suit. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. ii. iv. i. (1651) 505 They [lovers] commonly blush at their first congress. 1728Newton Chronol. Amended Introd. 4 The Congress of Solon with Crœsus some think they can confute by Chronology. 1844Disraeli Coningsby vii. ii. 254 There never was a congress of friendship wherein more was said and felt.
†b. The assembling of a society, etc. Obs.
1675Ogilby Brit. Introd. 6 It is now the Place of Congress for the Royal Society.
†2. A coming together, meeting (of things). Obs.
1578Banister Hist. Man i. 4 A mutuall Congresse, or Coarticulation of the bones. 1675Evelyn Terra (1729) 28 Medicinal Nitre in congress with a certain Sulphur. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723) 62 A fortuitous Congress of Atoms. 1759Phil. Trans. LI. 355 Their electricity suffers no diminution from the shock of their congress.
†3. An encounter in opposition or combat. Obs.
1646Buck Rich. III, i. 9 In divers hazardous congresses and battels. 1689T. Plunket Char. Gd. Commander 4 Fairfax his Regiment..was near surpriz'd..Which congress they would needs an Horse-race call. 1727Lardner Wks. (1838) I. 98 The congress of Vitellius and Artabanus.
4. Sexual union, copulation, coition.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. (Arb.) 119 It is two strange serpents entertangled in their amorous congresse. 1737L. Clarke Hist. Bible (1740) I. i. 46 [They] had each of them a Son from that incestuous congress. 1765Parsons in Phil. Trans. LV. 47 People..expect the issue of such a marriage would be tawny; which indeed is the usual effect produced by the congress of black and white persons. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. 38 In all higher Vertebrata, the ova are impregnated by sexual congress.
5. a. Social intercourse, converse. †b. bird of c.: a social or gregarious bird. Obs.
1628T. Spencer Logick 1 Dialectick is profitable vnto Congresse. 1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. i. §2. 6 All desirous of congresse, and mutuall correspondence. 1766Phil. Trans. LVI. 209 The crane..is also a bird of congress. 1875Grindon Life xxvii. 355 Genuine and lively virtues are developed only by social congress.
6. a. A formal meeting or assembly of delegates or representatives for the discussion or settlement of some question; spec. (in politics) of envoys, deputies, or plenipotentiaries representing sovereign states, or of sovereigns themselves, for the settlement of international affairs. Also an annual or periodical meeting or series of meetings of some association or society, or of persons engaged in special studies, as Church Congress, the name of annual meetings of the Church of England for discussion; Social Science Congress, Congress of Orientalists, etc.
1678Phillips, Congress, is now generally taken for the Assembly or Meeting together of the Deputies, or Plenipotentiaries of several Princes, to treat about a Peace, or any other grand Affair. 1680in Somers Tracts I. 105 n. The congress in Henry the Second's Time at Clarendon. 1741Middleton Cicero II. x. 359 When he was just arrived to the congress. 1777Watson Philip II (1839) 529 It was agreed by the two kings, that a congress should be held at Vervins. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 323 Deputies..had been sent to Vienna during the Congress. 1861A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. 4 A lecture delivered at an architectural congress. 1879M. Arnold Pref. to Wordsworth 21 The haunters of Social Science Congresses. 1883Harper's Mag. Oct. 309/2 A congress of Americanists recently assembled in Copenhagen.
†b. Assembly, congregation. Obs. rare.
1639G. Daniel Ecclus. xvi. 13 In the Congresse of Sinners, fire shall flame and never cease.
c. A society or organization that meets from time to time for the settlement of common concerns.
1870L. Brentano in E.E. Gilds Introd. 178 From 1772 an extremely vigorous Trade-Society existed among them [hatters]..The society was called the Congress, was regulated by statutes, and framed bye-laws. All workmen of the trade belonged to it.
7. a. The national legislative body of the United States of America (as a continuous institution, and as a body existing for two years, after which a new ‘congress’ is elected; also the session of this body).
The Congress of the United States (commonly referred to simply as ‘Congress’), which met for the first time on 4 March 1789, was preceded by the Congress of the Confederation, representing the several states under the Articles of Confederation, from 1781 to 1789, and this again by the three so-called Continental Congresses of the revolting colonies, which met in 1774, 1775 and 1776 respectively. But the last were properly congresses in sense 6.
[1765Massachusetts Assembly 6 June in Holmes Ann. of Amer. (1829) II. 134 It is highly expedient there should be a meeting..to consider of a general Congress. 1773S. Adams Lett. 9 Apr. in Wells Life (1865) II. 84 Should the correspondence from Virginia produce a Congress and then an assembly of States. 1773Answ. of Mass. Ho. of Reprs. in A. Bradford Sp. Governors Mass. (1818) 364 We should be unwilling to propose it, without their [the other colonies'] consent in Congress. ]1775Jrnl. Continental Congress 13 Sept., Information, being given to Congress. 1775Col. E. Allen in Holmes Ann. of Amer. (1829) I. 208, I demand it [surrender of Fort Ticonderoga] in the name of the great Jehovah and of the Continental Congress. 1776Ann. Reg. p. 261 (Decl. of Indep.) A Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled (July 4). 1783Gentl. Mag. LIII. i. 166 It is agreed, That the Congress shall earnestly recommend it to the Legislatures of the respective States, to provide, etc. 1785T. Jefferson Corr. (1859) I. 349 Congress, by the Confederation, have no original and inherent power over the commerce of the States. 1789Constit. U.S. i. §1 All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States. Ibid. §4 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year. Ibid. §5 During the session of Congress. 1850Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. II. 128 The member of congress for Georgia. 1874Bancroft Footpr. Time vii. 229 Congress legislates, or enacts laws. 1886U.S. Senate Manual 72 On the 5th of March 1794, at the first session of the Third Congress.
b. The corresponding body in the republics of South and Central America.
1837Penny Cycl. VII. 65/1 Chili, The congress is composed of a senate..and of a house of representatives, to which a deputy is sent for every 15,000 souls. 1891Daily News 27 Apr. 5/8 (War in Chili), The Congress party are now in possession of Caldera and Carrizal.
8. See Conger2.
9. attrib. and Comb., as Congress dollar, congress service; congress boot, a high boot with elastic sides; congress gaiter = congress boot; Congress Party, a political party in India; also ellipt. as Congress; Congress water, a mineral water from Congress Spring, Saratoga, N.Y. Also Congressman.
1847Semi-Weekly News (Fredericksburg, Va.) 12 Aug. 3/1 (Advt.), *Congress Boots and Shoes. 1923K. D. Wiggin Gard. Memory 46 A Congress boot, with the triangle of elastic on the side which characterized that creation of the late sixties. 1938J. W. Daniels Southerner discovers South 156 He wore congress boots with elastic sides.
1781Cowper Lett. 27 Feb., That sort of paper currency must serve, like the *Congress dollars, etc.
1852San Francisco Herald 5 Oct. 3/4 (Advt.), Gents' fine patent leather *Congress gaiters. 1885Good Words July 454/1 Why boots with elastic sides should be called ‘Congress gaiters’ passes my comprehension. 1938D. Canfield Fables for Parents 265 The baskets were set on the floor of the buggy at one side of Aunt Emma's congress gaiters.
1937F. P. Crozier Men I Killed xii. 269 How far was the Government's decision influenced by the victory of the *Congress Party at the Indian polls, and the refusal of Congress to collaborate in the new Constitution of India? 1959Ann. Reg. 1958 ii. v. 106 The Government of India and the Congress Party became increasingly worried during the year over conditions in the Communist-governed State of Kerala.
1779Gentl Mag. XLIX. 484 The Pallas, a French Frigate..the Vengeance, an armed brig..all in *Congress service.
1865Reader No. 117. 337/1 A dozen of *Congress-water. 1888Pall Mall G. 6 Sept. 13/2 The only internal treatment she prescribes is congress water and a grain or two of roasted coffee.
▪ II. congress, v. rare.
[f. L. congress-, ppl. stem of congredī: cf. digress; or f. congress n.]
1. |kənˈgrɛs|. intr. To come together, assemble, congregate.
a1850Mrs. Gore (Hoppe), The valetudinarians who congress every winter at Nice.
2. |ˈkɒŋrɛs|. To meet in congress, attend a congress. Hence ˈcongresser (newsp. word), ˈcongressing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) II. vi. v. 174 The solid Earth..reaped no effect from those Twenty Years of Congressing. 1882Daily News 22 Aug. 4/7 As iron sharpeneth iron, so does the countenance of congressing man the countenance of his friend who congresses with him. 1889Pall Mall G. 2 Oct. 6/1 Mr. Edward Terry..appeared before the Church Congressers. |