| 释义 |
▪ I. smut, n.|smʌt|
Also 7–8 smutt, 8–9 smoot.
[Related to smut v. Cf. LG. schmutt, G. schmutz, in sense 1; also MHG. smuz, smutz fat, grease, G. schmutz (Sw. smuts, Da. smuds) dirt, filth. See also smot n.1
The adj. smutty is recorded earlier in most of the senses, and the n. may be mainly a back-formation from this.]
1. a. A fungous disease affecting various plants, esp. cereals, which are spoiled by the grain being wholly or partly converted into a blackish powder; also, one or other of the fungi (species of Ustilagineæ) causing the disease.
1665Phil. Trans. I. 93 Meldew, Blasting, Smut. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 214 Smut seems to proceed from the same cause. a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 132 Such grain was apt to carry a smut. 1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) IV. 388 This is the Smut, so frequently found upon the ears of different sorts of growing corn, and also upon grasses. 1834Brit. Husb. I. 379 (L.U.K.), The practice of steeping seed-wheat..applies rather to smut, than to rust or mildew. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 555 The Smut of Indian Corn (Ustilago maidis) appears to have active medicinal properties.
b. A smutted grain. rare—1.
1799Hull Advertiser 23 Feb. 1/1 These machines..do not crush the smuts or bunt in wheat.
2. A black mark or stain; a smudge. Also fig.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 474 That there is not the least smutt of Antichristianism in Episcopacy itself. 1671Woodhead St. Teresa ii. ii. 12 All that is fair..in this world, is but a smut with a cole. 1830‘B. Moubray’ Dom. Poultry, etc. 163 The smut consists of a black spot on the side of the rabbit's nose. 1861Fraser's Mag. June 772 A black mark on his [sc. a rabbit's] nose, which is called a butterfly smut.
3. Coal-mining. Bad, soft, earthy coal.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 146 Above ground they look for a smut as they call it, i.e. a friable black earth. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 51 Smut seems also a variety of this species [sc. inflammable mineral carbon], but more impure. 1799― Geol. Ess. 292 The uppermost seam of coal is commonly soft and dusty, it is vulgarly called smut. 1806Phil. Trans. XCVI. 346 Smoot and Fire Clay. 1829Glover Hist. Derby I. 59 Measures of strata:..Soft coal or smut 2 ft. 10 in. 1860–in mining glossaries.
4. a. Soot or sooty matter.
1693Dryden, etc. Juvenal vi. (1726) 71 The steam of Lamps still hanging on her cheeks In ropy Smut. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 45 Spotted down the Cheeks with white Clay, and some black Streaks of Smut. 1790Burke Let. Noble Lord Wks. VIII. 97 Our most salutary and most beautiful institutions yield nothing but dust and smut. 1846Landor Imag. Conv. II. 91 The furnace is mere smut, and no bellows to blow the embers. 1893Scribner's Mag. June 778/1 The remotest articles of furniture are rife with infinitesimal smut.
b. A particle of sooty matter.
1806Southey Lett. (1856) I. 375 That cursed composition of smoke, dust, smuts, human breath, and marsh vapour. 1849Lytton Caxtons xiv. ii, A joyous dance of those monads, called vulgarly smuts. 1894Mrs. Ritchie Chapters Mem. viii. 106 A lady sitting with an umbrella in the drizzle of rain and falling smuts from the funnel.
c. A very minute insect.
1899Daily News 28 Dec. 6/4 A trout..grubs in the weeds, chases larvæ, and revels in almost invisible smuts.
5. Indecent or obscene language.
1698J. Collier Immor. Stage i. (1730) 4 The Modern Poets seem to use Smut as the old Ones did Machines, to relieve a fainting Invention. 1707Refl. upon Ridicule 206 'Tis a miserable way of Pleasing, to scatter Smut in all your Stories. 1760–2Goldsmith Cit. W. xlix, The gentlemen talked smut, the ladies laughed and were angry. 1821Scott Kenilw. ii, Drunken freaks, and drunken quarrels, and smut, and blasphemy. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. vi. iv. (1872) II. 173 Discourse of a cheerful or of a serious nature,..and not the least smut permitted. 1886Spectator 4 Dec. 1621 The public must have titles, or smut, or murder, and wishes in its heart always to have two of them together.
†6. slang. (See quot.) Obs.—0
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Smut, a copper boiler, or furnace.
7. attrib., as (sense 1) smut bag, smut corn, smut fungus, smut mill, smut machine, smut spore, etc.; (sense 5) smut book, smut-note; smut shop, etc.; smut-hunting ppl. adj.; smut-grass U.S., a rush-grass (Sporobolus Indicus), the spikes of which are usually blackened by a smut; smut-hound [cf. hound n.1 4 e] colloq., one who seeks to censor or suppress smut (sense 5), esp. in literature.
1712Addison Spect. No. 361 ⁋13 He teaches the Smut-note, the Fustian-note, the Stupid-note. 1731in 6th Rep. Dep. Kpr. App. ii. 119 A new Machine for cleaning Wheat..is contrived to take away the stains, smut bags, and other trumpery. 1790Trans. Soc. Arts VIII. 32 Wheat, sown too long on the same spot, without changing the seed, will generally become smutt and hen-corn. 1818Niles' Reg. XV. 80/1 A smutt mill, for cleaning wheat of smut, is in operation at Plattsburg. 1850Mary Wedlake's Priced List Farming Implements 25 A Smut Machine, to clean damaged grain. 1852Appleton's Dict. Mach. II. 588 Smut Machine..for cleaning all kinds of grain. 1868Rep. U.S. Commiss. Agric. (1869) 37 A few cattle in Massachusetts have died from eating ‘smut corn’. 1897W. G. Smith tr. Tubeuf's Dis. Plants 275 The Ustilagineae or Smut-fungi are distinguished by their dark-coloured or black chlamydospores. Ibid. 276 In this way any adherent smut-spores are killed. 1927H. L. Mencken Let. 2 Dec. (1961) 305 Of my inventions I am vainest of Bible Belt, booboisie, smut-hound and Boobus americanus. 1928D. H. Lawrence Let. 9 Mar. (1962) II. 1042 Mason wrote me rather scared about the censor and smut⁓hunting authorities. 1930Auden Poems 69 Lawrence was brought down by smut-hounds, Blake went dotty as he sang. 1930Publishers' Weekly 31 May 2737/2 The confiscation of dirty picture postals and smut books. 1961John o' London's 28 Sept. 357/3 The bulk of The High Price of Pornography is devoted to a survey of the rancid avalanche of smut magazines..which are pulped out in the States. 1965E. L. Myles Emperor of Peace i. xiii. 135 He bought..a two-inch stone burr mill complete with smut mill, cleaner and water wheel. 1967Spectator 1 Dec. 683/1 Eminent men of letters would not be dismissed as fools or smuthounds. 1977Zigzag Apr. 28/3 He said we were turning lunchtime into a 42nd street smut shop.
▪ II. smut, v.|smʌt|
Also 7 smutt, smoot.
[Cf. smot v., and MHG. smutzen (G. schmutzen) to smear, dirty.]
1. trans. To mark with some black or dirty substance; to blacken, smudge.
α1587J. Harmar tr. Beza's Serm. 195 No man can like to be smutted and blatched in his face. 1624Middleton Game at Chess iii. i, W. Pawn. White quickly soils you know. B. J. Pawn...Get thee gone then, I shall smut thee. 1668H. More Div. Dial. iii. iv. (1713) 187 A Company..whom some unlucky Wag has smutted with his sooty and greazy fingers. 1705Addison Italy, Pavia 26 The Inside is so smutted with Dust, and the Smoak of Lamps. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 188 ⁋12 Contriving to smut the nose of any stranger who was to be initiated into the club. 1836Whately in Miss E. J. Whately Life (1866) I. 366 He who wrestles with a chimney-sweeper is sure to be smutted. 1877Daily News 27 Dec. 6/1 The dingy whitewashed walls, smutted by the smoke of the tottering stove.
β1657W. Morice Coena quasi κοινὴ xxxiii. 306 To keep my cloaths from being smootted by a Chimnie-sweeper.
b. fig. To stain with some fault or imperfection.
α1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 202 What is the cause why some one sinne doth so blot and smut the most excellent men? 1674Cotton in Flatman's Poems 47 You no prophane, no obscene language use To smut your paper or defile your Muse.
βa1661Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 102 Considering the sottishness of superstition in the age he lived in, he is less smooted therewith than any of his contemporaries.
2. To affect (grain) with smut.
1626Bacon Sylva §497 There falleth also Mildew upon Corn and smutteth it. 1812Sir J. Sinclair Syst. Husb. Scot. i. 325 Having often observed in his wheat fields, a few ridges alternately clean and smutted. 1841Hood Tale Trumpet 761 Though the wishes that Witches utter Can..Smut and mildew the corn on the stalk.
b. intr. Of grain: To be affected by smut.
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 143 Corn thus imbibed, and then sown without lime, will not smut. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 244 Wheat following the dung Cart on their best Land, is the more liable to smut. 1745Gentl. Mag. 31 Corn managed in this manner is not apt to smut or mildew.
3. trans. To make obscene.
1722Welsted Prol. Steele's Consc. Lovers 11 Another smuts his Scene (a cunning Shaver), Sure of the Rakes and of the Wenches Favour.
4. intr. Of fish: To rise at, or feed on, smuts.
1889Sat. Rev. 18 May 612/2 These demonstrations are made by trout bulging, tailing, smutting, or minnowing. 1892Field 4 June 838/2 The fish were smutting or bulging on the shallows. |