| 释义 |
▪ I. smolt, n.1 Orig. Sc. and north.|sməʊlt|
Forms: α. 6 smolte, 6–7, 9 smolt, 9 smoult. β. 6–7 smowte, 7 smowt, 8–9 smout, 9 smoot.
[Of doubtful origin: connexion with smolt a. is not clear. A later form is smelt: see smelt n.1 3.]
1. A young salmon in the stage intermediate between the parr and the grilse, when it becomes covered with silvery scales and migrates to the sea for the first time.
α1469Sc. Acts, Jas. III, c. 13 (1814) II. 96 All myllaris þat slais Smo[l]tis with crelis or ony vthir maner of way. 1510Reg. Magni Sig. Scot. I. 730 Cum piscationibus, exceptis salmonibus, le keppir, et smolts. c1575Balfour's Practicks (1754) 581 That they tak smoltis or salmond in the miln-dammis. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 97 Siclike smolts, sould not be taken..fra the middes of Aprill, to the nativitie of Saint John the Baptist. 1804A. Hunter Georg. Ess. II. 513 At this period of time they are from four to six inches in length only, being in some places called smoults. 1862Act 25 & 26 Vict. c. 97 §2 ‘Salmon’ shall..include..sea trout, bull trout, smolts, parr, and other migratory fish of the salmon kind. 1881Standard 10 Sept. 2/1 The migratory instinct does not occur till the young fish have become what are called ‘smolts’.
attrib.1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 224 The young salmon, as soon as the smolt stage is reached, migrates down the rivers to the sea.
β1533–4Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 7 The yonge frie, spaume, or broode of any kinde of salmon, called lakspinkes, smowtes, or salmon pele. 1677Johnson in Ray's Corr. (1848) 127 In Cumberland, the fishers,..after the first summer, call them free, or frie, as we [in Yorkshire] smowts or smelts, before they come to be lackes. 1769Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 242 The young [salmon]..gradually increase to the length of four or five inches, and are then termed Smelts or Smouts. 1803J. Walker in Prize Ess. Highland Soc. II. 351 They are called samlets,..but are generally known among our country people by the name of salmon smouts. 1866C. W. Hatfield Notices Doncaster I. 99 The young of the salmon..was known only as a smolt or ‘smout’.
b. transf. A small person or thing.
1808Jamieson, Smolt, metaph. used to denote a child. 1868W. Shelley Flowers 199 Mamma's pet, Smirkin' smout. 1894Heslop Northumbld. Gloss., Smout.., anything small.
2. ‘A small trout of the speckled kind’ (Jamieson's Sc. Dict. 1882 s.v. Smout).
▪ II. † smolt, n.2 Obs. rare.
Also 5 smolte.
[OE. smolt, = MLG. and LG. smolt (hence MDa., Norw., Icel. smolt, Sw. smult), MDu. and Du. smout, related to MLG. (and LG.) smalt, OHG. smalz (G. schmalz); both stems are ablaut-grades of *smeltan to melt: see smelt v.]
Lard, fat.
In the later quots. perh. after MLG. or MDu.
a1000in Anglia XIII. 404 Pinguedo, smolt. a1100in Napier O.E. Lex. 58 Þær sculan eac ii fætte swyn up arisan to smolte. 1430Maldon Court-Rolls (Bundle 18, No. 3), 1 barell. de smolte, et dimid. barell. de smolte. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 74 Salt smolt, for the barel, iii d.
▪ III. smolt, a. Now only dial.|sməʊlt|
Also 6, 9 dial. smoult, 6 Sc. smowt.
[OE. smolt, = MDu. smolt, smout (WFris. smout sheltered), Da. smult; cf. OS. smultro quietly, calmly, MSw. smultna (Sw. dial. smyltna) to become calm. A commoner form in OE. was smylte.]
†1. Of weather: Fair, fine, calm. Obs.
Halliwell's ‘Smoult, hot; sultry. Kent.’ is not otherwise certified. In Norfolk dial., smoultin' is used to denote the calming down of a stormy sea during the ebb-tide.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 2 [Ᵹe] cueðas, ‘smolt bið, read is..heofon’. c1160Hatton Gosp. Matt. xvi. 2 On æfen ᵹe cweðeð, ‘to-morᵹen hit beoð smolt weder’. 1513Douglas æneid xiii. viii. 30 Makand the hevynnis fayr, cleyr, and scheyne, The weddir smowt, and firmament serene. a1550Peblis to Play vi. in Pinkerton Sc. Ballads (1783) II. 4 Mirrie Madinis, think not lang; The wedder is fair and smolt.
†2. Pleasant, agreeable, affable. Obs.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1763 With smoþe smylyng & smolt þay smeten in-to merþe. 1553Respublica iii. iii. 80 (Brandl), Respub. This ys Honestee. People. A gaye smoult smirking howrecop tis, zo mot I þee!
3. Bright, shining; smooth, polished.
1837Wilson's Tales Borders III. 304/2 He saw their smolt spirits scour awa to heaven like fire flaughts! 1852–in dial. glossaries (Sussex, Hants.).
▪ IV. smolt, v.1|sməʊlt|
[f. smolt n.1]
intr. Of young salmon: To pass into the smolt stage.
1855J. Wilson in Mem. (1859) viii. 315 The female parr ‘smolt’ soon after the completion of the first year.
▪ V. † smolt, v.2 Obs. rare.
[Of obscure origin.]
intr. To make off, go, escape, etc.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 461 He hade þe smelle of þe smach & smoltes þeder sone. Ibid. 732, I schal forgyue alle þe gylt..& let hem smolt al unsmyten smoþely atonez. |