| 释义 |
▪ I. confederate, a. and n.|kənˈfɛdərət|
Also 6 confetherate, 6–7 confederat.
[ad. L. confœderāt-us, pa. pple. of (post-cl.) confœderā-re (trans.) to join or unite in a league, f. con- together + fœderā-re to league together, establish by league or treaty, f. fœder- (nom. fœdus) league, treaty, compact: see federate. Already in L. used substantively: so F. confédéré.]
A. adj. United in a league, alliance, or confederacy; leagued, allied, confederated.
1. as pa. pple. = confederated.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 157 Þe Scottes þat were somtyme confederat and wonede wiþ þe Pictes. c1460Henryson Tale of Dog 33 Quhilk wer confederate straitlie in ane band. 1555Eden Decades 53 He came..with eyght other confetherate with hym. 1611Bible Isa. vii. 2 Syria is confederate with Ephraim. 1714Gay Trivia iii. 81 These Sirens stand..Confederate in the cheat. 1884A. R. Pennington Wyclif ix. 299 Victories over the foes confederate against them.
fig.1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. iii. 53 My heart is not confederate with my hand. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh i. (1888) 7 Strong words of counselling souls confederate With vocal pines and waters.
2. as adj.
1555Eden Decades 69 The confetherate kynges beseaged the vyllage. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xii. 56 Juggling and confederate Knavery. 1757–8Smollett Hist. Eng. (1812) I. 165 The confederate army amounted to five and fifty thousand men. 1791Cowper Iliad xx. 192 Neptune..and his confederate gods. 1889Rawlinson Anc. Egypt (ed. 4) 258 Marmain..led against him a confederate army, consisting of three principal tribes of the Tahennu.
b. transf. and fig.
1691–8Norris Pract. Disc. 52 The Confederate Probabilities. 1714Shaftesbury Misc. Refl. iv. ii, Of these thorowly-associating and confederate-animals..none..in bulk or strength exceed the beaver. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 167 ⁋3 Confederate intellects and auxiliar virtues.
3. In Confederate States (of America), abbreviated C.S.A.: the name assumed by the eleven southern states which seceded from the American Union in 1860–61, and formed a confederacy of their own, which was finally overthrown in 1865, after which they were reunited to the United States.
1861(9 Feb.) Const. Confed. States Amer., In all such [new] territory the institution of negro slavery as it now exists in the Confederate States, shall be recognized. 1861Illustr. Lond. News 9 Mar. 209/1 Mr. Jefferson Davis, President of the Southern Confederacy, entitled the Confederate States of America, was formally inaugurated at Montgomery..on the 18th ult.
b. Hence, Of or belonging to the Confederate States, their government, army, etc.
1861Illustr. Lond. News 11 May 432/3 The Confederate flag has been hoisted on the fort. Ibid. 25 May 481/1 Thirty days to be allowed to United States' vessels in Confederate ports to quit. 1863Dicey Federal St. II. 241 When once the Confederate army was defeated. 1863J. R. Balme Amer. States (1864) 185 Jefferson Davis, the Confederate President. 1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 103 Some Southern Confederate leader, civil or military.
B. n.
1. A person or state in league with another or others for mutual support or joint action; an ally.
1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV 20 Their cosyn, frende, & confederate, Edmonde Earle of Marche. 1553Brende Q. Curtius C vi, Such as were hys confetherates. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 304, I see who is their assistant, who their confederat, who hath engaged his omnipotent arm to..crown with success their faith. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxx. III. 170 The victorious confederates pursued their march. 1791‘G. Gambado’ Ann. Horsem. xi. (1809) 112 A letter from the Duke of Wharton to Sir William More..who was his confederate on the turf. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 37 Venice, not yet humbled by the confederates of Cambray.
†b. Theol. One united in covenant with God, or allied with others in the same covenant. Obs.
1655Gouge Comm. Heb. viii. 8 II. 251 As a confederate: as one of those that are in covenant with God. Ibid. II. 261 The continual abode and operation of the Spirit in Gods confederates. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 238 To be a member of that [the Jewish] Church, and a Confederate in this Covenant. a1708Beveridge Priv. Th. i. (1730) 62 Believers Children being..Confederates with their Parents, in the Covenant of Grace.
2. Law (and thence gen.), in bad sense: One leagued with another or others for an unlawful or evil purpose; an accomplice.
1495Act. 11 Hen. VII, c. 64 Pream., The same persones..were adherentis, assistencis, confederatis..socourers and comforteris. 1531Elyot Gov. i. ii, Dathan and Abiron..with all their holle familie, and confederates. 1680Establ. Test 33 The very Criminals themselves, or their Accessories and Confederates. 1724Swift Drapier's Lett. ii, Betrayers of their country, confederates with Wood. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 25 Dr. Bocking..a confederate of Masters. Mod. The thief escaped, but his confederate was apprehended.
3. U.S. Hist. One belonging to or on the side of the Confederate States in the War of Secession, 1861–65: see A. 3.
1861Russell Let. 1 May in Times 28 May 9 Between 700 and 800 guns have fallen into the hands of the Confederates. 1863J. R. Balme Amer. States (1864) 179 A battle which..would probably have cleared Missouri of the Confederates. 1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 230 The Confederates were the first to use the torpedo boat.
▪ II. confederate, v.|kənˈfɛdəreɪt|
[f. L. confœderāt- ppl. stem of confœderāre, or possibly from the much earlier ppl. adj. confederate: see prec. (The pa. tense was sometimes also confederate.) An earlier form was confeder through French.]
1. trans. To unite (persons or states) in a league, bring into alliance, ally; to form into a confederation. Const. with, together, † unto.
1532G. Hervet Xenophon's Househ. iv. (1768) 18 To bringe him presentes fro the cites of Grece, confederated vnto him. 1577Hellowes Gueuara's Chron. 331 To confederate and set them at agreement. 1660tr. Amyraldus' Treat. Relig. iii. i. 304 It confederates men with God and between themselves. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. 1842 II. 587 To confederate others in their design. 1758Johnson Idler No. 7 ⁋9 The writers of news, if they could be confederated, might give more pleasure to the public. 1884Macm. Mag. Nov. 27/1 To endeavour to confederate the Windward Islands.
fig.1700S. Parker Six Philos. Ess. 54 Cold Vapours..intimately confederated and congeal'd.
b. For an evil or unlawful purpose. Cf. confederacy 1 b.
1555in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xlvi. 140 An utter enemie unto the saide Bisshope, confederated with the principal adversaris aforesaide. 1623Hexham Tongue-Combat 26 Gone astray, and wickedly confederated with Heretickes. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. xiv. 93 To confederate all the family against me. 1849Cobden Speeches 37 Neither in England nor Ireland have there been 100 men confederated together with arms to war against the Crown and Government.
2. refl. To ally oneself; to enter into a league, or conspiracy.
1531Elyot Gov. ii. xii, Their willes and appetites daily more and more so confederated them selfes. 1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 The..frenche kyng..hath confederated hym selfe with the greate Turke. 1649Selden Laws Eng. i. xvi. (1739) 31 All the people in the Folkmote shall confederate themselves as sworn Brethren, to defend the Kingdom. 1828E. Irving Last Days 43 In what way any man can..confederate himself with so many great principles of falsehood.
†b. To ally oneself sexually. Obs.
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 254 One that had in her most abominable..desires confederated herself..with her own natural brother.
3. intr. (for refl.) Of persons or states: To enter into a league, ally or league oneself (with.)
1557North tr. Gueuara's Diall Pr. 213 a/2 There one frend confederate with another, so that their hartes were maryed. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Alíar, to confederate, to allie himselfe. 1634Herbert Trav. 120 His valiant sister..confederating with foure Sultans..entred his Bed-chamber, and..strangled him. 1728Newton Chronol. Amended i. 122 The Pisæans confederated with several other Greek nations, and made war upon the Eleans. 1825T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 30 The larger colonies had threatened they would not confederate at all, if their weight in Congress should not be equal to the numbers of people they added to the confederacy. 1863Morning Star 17 Dec. 5/5 When this contest commenced in 1861, but six States confederated.
b. In bad sense: To conspire. Cf. 1 b.
1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 222 A Merchant..together with his sonne and a Broker had confederated to buy great store of merchandises vpon their credit, of purpose to breake and to inrich themselues. 1701Lond. Gaz. No. 3760/3 [Unpaid troops] who threaten to Confederate if speedy Care be not taken to satisfie them. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 100 If any sworn servant of the king's houshold conspires or confederates to kill any lord of this realm. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Blackmore, The wits easily confederated against him. |