| 释义 |
▪ I. conduit, n.|ˈkʌndɪt, ˈkɒndɪt|
Forms: 4 condut, cundid, -it, kundute, -dit(e, (pl. condwys, condise), 4–5 condyt, condethe, 4–6 condit, -dite, -dyte, cundite, -dyt(e, 5 coundite, -duyte, cundyth(e, 5–6 conduyt(e, condet(te, 5–7 conduict, 6 condute, condyd, cunditt, cunduite, coundight, -dyte, 6–7 conduite, 8 cunduit, 6– conduit.
[A particular application of the word conduct (OF. conduit, med.L. conductus in same sense), formerly having all the three type-forms conduit, condit (cundit), conduct; but, while in the other senses the Latin form conduct has prevailed, in this the French form conduit is retained, and the pronunciation descends from the ME. form condit or cundit.]
1. a. An artificial channel or pipe for the conveyance of water or other liquids; an aqueduct, a canal. (In Sc. in the form cundie commonly applied to a covered drain, not a tile drain.)
α1340Ayenb. 91 Þise uif wytes byeþ ase uif condwys. 1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxiv. 41 As water kundute [1388 cundit]. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 852 Tisbe, As water, whanne the conduyte broken ys. 1570B. Googe Pop. Kingd. ii. 21 b, The Conduites runne, within continually. 1611Coryat Crudities 27 Conduits of lead, wherein the water shal be conueighed. 1704Addison Italy (1733) 215 Conduits Pipes and Canals that were made to distribute the Waters. 1812Act 52 Geo. III, c. 141 §43 in Oxf. & Camb. Enactm. 125 A certain Conduit called Hobsen's Conduit. 1833Act 3–4 Will. IV, c. 46 §116 The pipes or other conduits..used for the conveyance of gas. 1864A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 3) 274 Roads having side-drains and cross conduits. 1883Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 6) 25 Open conduits are liable to be contaminated by surface washings.
β1382Wyclif 2 Sam. ii. 24 Thei camen to the hil of the water kundit. 1382― 1 Kings xviii. 32 He beeldide vp an auter..and he made a water cundid. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 221 A greet condyt [aquæductum]. c1400Mandeville v. (1839) 47 Þere is no water to drynke, but ȝif it come be condyt from Nyle [Roxb. vii. 24 in cundites fra the riuer]. c1400Rom. Rose 1414 Stremis smale, that by devise Myrthe had done come through condise. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 181 Floode Danubius flowethe..in condettes vnder the erthe. c1450Nominale in Wr.-Wülcker 733/40 Hic aqueductus, a cundyth undyr the erthe. 1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 35 (heading) An acte concerning the condites at Gloucester. 1587Bristol Wills (1886) 249 To the yerely Repayringe of the Cundyte of the said parishe.
γ1491Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 2 A conduict begun at Christ Churche. 1607Norden Surveyors Dial. 85, I see the Conducts are made of earthen pipes, which I like farre better then them of Leade. 1642Perkins Prof. Bk. i. 49 A Pipe in the land to convey the water to my manour in a Conduct.
b. Electr. A tube or trough for receiving and protecting electric wires; a length or stretch of this. Also attrib., esp. in connection with the conduit system (see quot. 1940).
1882U.S. Pat. 266,916 My invention consists, first, in making an electric conduit, comprising an external casing, internal conductor pipes, and supporting diaphragms, of conducting material, so that any electric currents induced in the said pipes will be conducted..directly to the ground. 1884Cassell's Fam. Mag. Jan. 127/1 Conduits for holding electric wires laid along the streets. 1894Daily News 2 June 5/4 At Buda-Pesth, where the conduit electrical system is in such successful operation. 1894Cassier's Mag. Sept. 385/1 A trial of the conduit on a commercial basis at Washington. Ibid. 385/2 The open slot conduit with a continuous, bare trolley wire. Ibid. 386/2 The contact or working conductors could readily be placed in a slotted conduit, or trough. Ibid., The road at Blackpool, England,—an open conduit road. Ibid. 387/1 The Love conduit system. 1896Daily News 17 Dec. 5/2 The electric power is conveyed from the conduit rail to the car by means of a small peculiarly-shaped conductor. 1899Ibid. 9 Jan. 3/6 New York will soon have 150 miles of conduit. 1903Daily Chron. 18 Nov. 3/5 A conduit line from Vauxhall Bridge to the Clapham-road. 1908Installation News II. 47/2 Three parallel lengths of 3/4 in. Simplex conduit hung a few inches below the ceiling and seven feet apart. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 189/1 Conduit box, a box adapted for connexion to the metal conduit used in electric wiring schemes. Ibid., Conduit system, (1) a system of wiring..in which the conductors are contained in a steel conduit; (2) a system of current collection used on some electric tramway systems. 1941S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 4) 69/1 Conduit Fittings, accessories such as conduit boxes, bends, tees, couplers, etc., for joining lengths of conduit tube for wiring. 1955Oxf. Jun. Encycl. XI. 131/2 With one method of wiring, separate stranded copper wires with VIR insulation are used, the wires being placed inside black enamelled steel pipes, called ‘conduits’. The conduits are screwed together and joined to cast iron boxes containing the switches and connexions between the wires; the whole conduit system is then joined to earth.
†2.
a. A structure from which water is distributed or made to issue; a fountain. Obs. or arch.
αc1430Lydg. Bochas i. xiv. (1554) 30 a, Like a conduit gushed out the bloude. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. clxi. 144 Oute of the conduyt of chepe ran whyte wyn and rede. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 426 They newe buylded in the same place a fayre Conduyt, which at this day is called the Conduyt in Cornehyll. 1611Coryat Crudities 334 In the middle of the Court there is an exceeding pleasant Conduite that spowteth out water in three degrees one aboue another. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. xxvi. 154 On the conduit without Ludgate, where the arms and angels had been refreshed. 1871Rossetti Poems, Dante at Verona xxviii, The conduits round the garden sing.
fig.a1645Heywood Fort. by Land & Sea i. i, See you not these purple conduits run, Know you these wounds?
βa1400Morte Arth. 201 Clarett and Creette, clergyally rennene, With condethes fulle curious alle of clene siluyre. c1400Mandeville xx. (1839) 217 Þei that ben of houshold, drynken at the condyt. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 139 At the foure corners of this bedde there were foure condytes..out of the whiche there yssued so sweet an odour and so delectable. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 27 At the condyd in Graschestret, the condet in Cornelle..at the lyttyll condyd..ronnynge wyne, rede claret and wythe.
γ1533Anne Boleyn's Coronation in Furniv. Ballads fr. MSS. I. 393 At the conducte in Cornehill was exhibited a Pageaunte of the three Graces. 1538Leland Itin. II. 70 There is a Conduct in the Market Place.
†b. ? A laver or large basin. Obs.
1500Will of J. Ward (Somerset Ho.), My grete lavatory of laton called a Condyte. 1592R. D. tr. Hypnerotomachia 6 Great lauers, condites, and other infinite fragments of notable woorkmanship.
3. transf. Any natural channel, canal, or passage;
†a. in the animal body (obs.);
b. (19th c.) in geological or geographical formations; = canal 2, channel 6.
α1340Ayenb. 202 Zuo þet o stream of tyeares yerne be þe condut of þe eȝen. 1483Caxton De la Tour L iij b, Wyn taken ouer mesure..stoppeth the conduytes of the nose. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 38 a, For thys drincke mollifieth it [the bladder] openeth the condute. 1578Lyte Dodoens iv. lxxx. 544 It doth also stoppe the pores and conduites of the skinne. 1607T. Walkington Opt. Glass viii. (1664) 100 The Conduits of the Spirits, and the Arteries and Veins. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. i. i. 269 The conduit that goes to the third stomach. 1830R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 88 The secretion of the fat..is not performed in glands or in particular conduits. 1839Murchison Silur. Syst. i. ix. 126 A subterranean conduit or eruptive channel by which the volcanic matter was protruded to the surface. 1862Dana Man. Geol. 693.
β1513Douglas æneis xii. ix. 17 The stif swerd..Persit his cost and breistis cundyt in hy. 1587L. Mascall Govt. Cattle, Sheep (1627) 249 In the condite of the teat.
γ1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xlv, [The Sea-] hurcheon..havand bot ane conduct to purge thair wambe and ressave thair meit. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. xxxvii. 56 The juyce..openeth the conductes of the nose. 1649Lovelace Poems 56 The sacred conduicts of her Wombe.
4. fig. The channel or medium by which anything (e.g. knowledge, influence, wealth, etc.) is conveyed; = canal 7, channel 8.
α1540Coverdale Fruitf. Lesson i, Here are opened the conduits and well-pipes of life, the way of our health. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vi. iv. §15 Conduits of irremediable death to impenitent receivers. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. xi. (1695) 290 Language being the great Conduit, whereby Men convey..Knowledge, from one to another. 1737Waterland Eucharist 290 Sacraments are..his appointed Means or Conduits, in and by which He confers his Graces. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1841) I. iii. 303 These republics..became the conduits through which the produce of the East flowed in. 1878Morley J. De Maistre Crit. Misc. 99 Reaching people through those usual conduits of press and pulpits.
γ1651Jer. Taylor Clerus Dom. 53 The spirit..running still in the first channels by ordinary conducts. 1670Moral State Eng. 18 The addresses of the people to their Sovereign..being convey'd through him as a conduct.
5. Arch.
†a. gen. A passage (obs.).
b. spec. see quot. 1875.
1624Wotton Archit. in Reliq. Wotton (1672) 33 Doors, Windows, Stair-cases, Chimnies, or other Conducts. 1703T. N. City & C. Purch. 7. 1875 Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Conduit (Fr.), a long narrow walled passage underground, for secret communication between different apartments.
†6. The leading (of water) by a channel. Obs.
1555Fardle Facions Pref. 10 Thei deriued into cities..the pure freshe waters..by conduicte of pipes and troughes.
7. Mus. A short connecting passage, a codetta.
1872H. C. Banister Music §404 By a short passage ― Conduit..it [the Motivo] is again returned to. 1880Ouseley in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 568/1. (See copula.)
8. Comb., as conduit-cock, conduit-like, conduit-water, adj. or adv.; conduit-head, a reservoir; = conduit 2; also fig.; † conduit-water, spring water; conduit-wise adv. Also conduit-pipe.
1600Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV, Wks. 1874 I. 10 We'le take the tankards from the *conduit-cocks To fill with ipocras.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. iv. iii, A fountayne..A noble sprynge, a ryall *conduyte hede. 1607Dekker Wh. Babylon Wks. 1873 II. 244 Conduit-heads of treason.
1580Sidney Arcadia (1622) 141 Those saphir-coloured brookes Which *conduit-like with curious crookes, Sweet Ilands make.
1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde (1564) 68 Holyoke sodden in *cunduite water. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. ii. 28 A glasse of conduit water.
1611Coryat Crudities 9 A little chappell made *conduitwise.
▪ II. † ˈconduit, v. Obs. rare.
[f. conduit n.]
trans. a. To pour forth like a conduit or fountain; b. to transmit or convey as through a conduit.
1591Troubl. Raigne K. John ii. (1611) 73 My eies should conduit forth a sea of teares. 1627–77Feltham Resolves i. ix. 13 His corruption..is still Conduited to his undone Posterity.
▪ III. conduit, -uite
earlier form of conduct; bad spelling of condite, Obs., pickled. |