| 释义 |
▪ I. sluice, n.|sluːs|
Forms: α. 4–7 scluse, 5–7 scluce, 6 sklus. β. 6 sleuss, sleuse, slewse, slowese. γ. 6 Sc. slus, 6–7 sluse, 6–8 sluce. δ. 6 sluyce, 7– sluice.
[ad. OF. escluse (-clusse, -clouse, etc.; mod.F. écluse), = Sp. and Pg. esclusa, late and med.L. exclusa (also sclusa, etc.), fem. sing. of L. exclūsus, pa. pple. of exclūdere to shut out, exclude v.
OF. is also the source of MDu. sluse, sluyse, sluus (Du. sluis, WFris. slús), MLG. sluse, sluze (LG. slüse, slüs, G. schleuse), Da. sluse, Sw. slus. For the English forms which represent the late L. clūsa see clow n.1
The spelling with ui (cf. juice) did not come into general use until the 18th century.]
1. a. A structure of wood or masonry, a dam or embankment, for impounding the water of river, canal, etc., provided with an adjustable gate or gates by which the volume of water is regulated or controlled. Also, rarely, the body of water so impounded or controlled.
falling sluice: see falling ppl. a. 5 b.
α1340Ayenb. 255 Zome uolk..byeþ ase þe melle wyþoute scluse þet alne-way went be þe yernynge of þe wetere. 1449Rolls of Parlt. V. 149/1 Geteys, Keyes, Scluces, Bankes, and other reparations. c1480Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 76 To an scluse to be maade, or locke if þey will. 1558Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 388 The sklus or dame, besyde the said myll. 1583T. Stocker Civ. Wars Lowe C. iii. 107 Some of these souldiers..chose rather to leape from the scluse into the water. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xxiv. i. 241 The scluces or floudgates made of stone worke, to let out or restraine the waters. 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Wars 245 Being brought within a Lock of the River or Scluse, near the Castle.
β1533MS. Rawl. D. 776 fol. 175 Makyng of Certayne new slewssis vnder the kynges new whalke. 1541–2Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 33 The maintenance..of other Clowes, sloweses, gettiez, gutters, goottes. 1582in Archæologia XXVIII. 20 A sufficiente sleuss shalbe made for the water⁓course. 1667Primatt City & C. Builder 9 Whether the water be kept up by Art, in slewces.
γ1538Elyot, Emissarium, a sluse [1548 sluce]. 1568Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 403 Ane sleiffull of slak that growis in the slus. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 172 b, Some greate streame..which by Fludde or Sluse, may let in alwaies fresh water. 1611Coryat Crudities 157 The fresh and salt water would meete,..were it not kept asunder by a sluce. 1648J. Raymond Il Merc. Ital. 183 We went through nine..Machines not much unlike our Sluses, to keep up and let down the water. 1695Prior Ode after Queen's Death xxiii, As Waters from her Sluces, flow'd Unbounded Sorrow from her Eyes.
δ1596Lambarde Peramb. Kent (ed. 2) 148 A Pent and Sluyce hath been made, which both open the mouth, and scowre the bottome of the hauen. 1611Cotgr., Escluse, a Sluice, Floud-gate, or Water-gate. 1699Garth Dispens. i. (1700) 3 While from each Sluice, a briny Torrent pours. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 189 It was necessary to set a great Number of Sluices to work. 1785J. Phillips Treat. Inland Nav. p. ix, When the water is..like to over⁓flow.., they take care to open the sluices to convey it away. 1839Stonehouse Isle of Axholme 78 A sluice was erected at Misterton to prevent the tides from flowing beyond that point. 1879H. Phillips Addit. Notes Coins 3 The citizens were prepared to open the sluices and dykes in order..to flood the country.
transf.1794S. Williams Vermont 97 The beavers always leave sluices, or passages near the middle, for the redundant waters to pass off.
b. fig. or in fig. contexts. (Common in 17th cent.)
sing.1340Ayenb. 255 Ac þe wise zetteþ þe scluse of discrecion uor to of healde þet weter of fole wordes. 1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. (1594) 268 The number of them being verie small, who would not willinglie make (as we say) a sluce to their consciences. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 288 His margent, which is the sluce most commonly, that feeds the drouth of his text. 1693Congreve Old Bach. v. iv, She's the very sluce to her Lady's secrets. 1778F. Burney Evelina lxxiv, I have..drained every sluice of compassion. 1800Weems Washington x. (1877) 120 On receiving the ball which opened in his breast the crimson sluice of life. a1850J. C. Calhoun Wks. (1874) IV. 63 If the sluice of expenditures was stopped in one place, it was sure to burst through another.
pl.1578Timme Calvin on Gen. 32 If so be the sluses or floodgates of heaven were not shut. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 402 Heare him..reckoning up the many Sluces of his Treasury. 1672Crowne Chas. VIII, i, To my window streight I did repair, And setting wide those sluces of the air [etc.]. 1718Pope Odyss. viii. 581 So from the sluices of Ulysses' eyes Fast fell the tears. 1754Young Centaur i. Wks. 1757 IV. 111 Thus the sluices are set open for all sensuality..and studied arts of excess, to pour in un⁓controuled. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. iii. 119 The execution of Lentulus and his associates would reopen the sluices of bloodshed.
c. A paddle or slide in a gate or barrier by which water is held back. Also fig.
1616Pasquil & Kath. iii. 287 Haue I drawne the sluce Of life vp? and..set my prisoned soule at large? 1791W. Jessop 1st Rep. Navig. Thames 12 A Bar of Sand or Gravel, which is most easily to be removed by drawing the Sluices of the Lock. 1857P. Colquhoun Comp. Oarsman's Guide 32 The sluices, otherwise called the paddles, are slides travelling in a slot or groove in the gate.
d. A device by which the flow of water, esp. into or out of some receptacle, is regulated; a valve, pipe, etc., by which water may be let in or run off.
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 137 The medicinall Baths..are shut up certaine howers of the day, that not man should enter them till by their sluces they be purged of all filth. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 5 About 2 yards off the doore is severall pipes..that with a sluce spoutts water up. 1798J. Hutton Course Math. (1806) II. 344 To determine the Time of emptying a Vessel of Water by a Sluice in the Bottom of it. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1243 The cast⁓iron trough for the water is marked b, and the sluice, also of iron, c. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 79/2 Water was admitted by sluices into the caisson, which then sank.
2. A channel, drain, or small stream, esp. one carrying off overflow or surplus water.
1538Leland Itin. (1768) II. 66 Ther goith a sluse out of this Bath, and servid in Tymes past, with Water derivid out of it, 2 places in Bath Priorie. 1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 38 b, Towards the South it is enuironed with the scluses of Nilus. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 8 A meare or fluxe of the Sea,..swelling in 100 armes or sluces. 1725De Foe Voy. r. World (1840) 289 The little streams and sluices of water. 1848G. H. Boker Calaynos i. i, Ere it flows Past the foul sluices that Seville outpours. 1888[see slough n.1 4].
transf.c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 3 While wee have sluces of warm bloud running through our veins. 1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 172 By those secret sluces or chanels in the air.
†3. A gap, breach, opening, or hole; a gash or wound. Obs.
1648Gage West Ind. xi. 40 He made a sluce, or breach of halfe a league of length. 1651Biggs New Disp. 187 ⁋250 Unlesse it were repelled out at another sluice or exit. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 39 The Lamprey hath seven holes or cavities..and no gills at all—these holes or sluces do indeed supply the defect of gills. 1752Fielding Amelia i. ii, Certain open sluices on his own head, sufficiently showed whence all the scarlet stream had issued.
†4. A drawbridge. Obs. rare.
a1634Chapman Alphonsus iii. i, Some run unto the Walls, some draw up the Sluce, Some speedily let the Perculless down. 1642Lanc. Tracts Civil War (Chetham Soc.) 22 The King swore he would..take the towne..; but Sir John Hotham drawing up the sluce, his Majesty retreated.
5. In gold-washing: An artificial channel or flume, usually consisting of a long sloping trough, or series of troughs, fitted with riffles, or grooves, into which a current of water is directed in order to separate the particles of gold from the auriferous earth.
1851San Francisco Picayune 14 Oct. 2/4 In the neighbourhood of Rough and Ready, a sluice of fourteen miles in length has been constructed. 1862B. Taylor Home & Abroad Ser. ii. 144 The sand [is swept] into a long sluice. Here it is still further agitated by means of riffles [etc.]. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Min. 70 The gold-saving method is the simplest— amalgamation in battery, copper-plate, riffle-boxes, and a tail sluice. 1882U.S. Rep. Prec. Metals 629 The sluices are several hundred and sometimes several thousand feet in length.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. With names of things, as sluice-block, sluice-cock, sluice-door, sluice-house, sluice-valve, sluice-work; sluice-fork, a fork used to break up lumps of gravel in a gold-miner's sluice-box; sluice-head orig. U.S., a supply or head of water sufficient for flushing out a sluice; also fig.
1882U.S. Rep. Prec. Metals 101 They overhauled and refitted the flume, putting in new sluice-blocks.
1837Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 27/1 Certain improvements in the construction of Sluice Cocks for Water-works.
1852J. Wiggins Embanking 87 Some difficulty may exist as to keeping open the sluice doors.
1856San Francisco Call 16 Dec. 4/2 As he went—took it puss'nal—it commenced raining ‘sluice-forks’. 1874A. Bathgate Colonial Experiences viii. 92 The large stones..lifted out by hand..while the smaller ones are sometimes taken out with a long handled long pronged sluice-fork. 1909H. Thompson in A. E. Currie Centennial Treasury of Otago Verse (1949) 59 Slinging stones out with his sluice-fork—what a pleasant little game.
1855Golden Era (San Francisco) 4 Mar. 1/6 At Eureka there are only twelve sluiceheads of water running. 1863V. Pyke in App. Jrnls. House Reps. N.Z. D. vi. 15 Head races..represent about 200 sluice heads. 1901E. Dyson in Austral. Short Stories (1951) 58 Mrs. Mooney..wept sluice-heads... She had been replenishing the fountain of tears with whisky. 1906Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 6 Jan. 12/3 Although little opened, the springs now have a flow of two sluice-heads. 1935G. L. Meredith Adventuring in Maoriland in Seventies xiii. 145 The one we went to is just a boiling spring, running about five ‘sluice-heads’ of boiling water.
1829Hood Epping Hunt iv, In a sluice-house box He took his pipe and pot.
1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. xi. 127 The water being conducted..through vertical sluice valves.
1819Pantologia s.v., The level of the sluice-work.
b. With agent-nouns, etc., as sluice-keeper, sluice-maker, sluice-master; also sluice-employing adj.
a1725Ld. Whitworth Acc. Russia in 1710 in Dodsley Fug. Pieces (1761) II. 214 Contrary to the Opinion of all the Ship-Carpenters and Sluice-makers. 1779Phil. Trans. LXIX. 622 Many sluice masters..are accustomed to shut their gates next the sea a little after half flood. 1842Penny Cycl. XXII. 142/1 Many self-acting sluices have been contrived..to save the expense of a sluice-keeper. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right (1899) 118/2 The dams and water-races of the sluice-employing miner.
▪ II. sluice, v.|sluːs|
Forms: 6–7 sluce, 6–7 (9) sluse, 7 sluyce, 8– sluice.
[f. the n. Cf. OF. escluser, MDu. slusen, to shut in by, to provide with, a sluice.]
1. trans. To let out, to cause to flow out, by the opening of a sluice. Freq. fig.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. i. 103 [I say] that he did plot the Duke of Glousters death,..And..like a Traitor Coward, Sluc'd out his innocent soule through streames of blood. 1599Warning Faire Women D ij b, Then stand close George, and with a luckie arme, Sluce out his life. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 26 Every drop of it..sluced out from every part of his body. 1660W. Secker Nonsuch Prof. 6 You cannot..imagine that I should sluce out a bitter stream from so sweet a spring. 1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 257/1 It is proposed that this quantity of water shall be sluiced out through the great embankment.
refl.1850Clough Dipsychus ii. iv. 105, I must sluice out myself into canals, And lose all force in ducts.
b. To let out or draw from some source or place in this manner. Usu. in pa. pple. Freq. fig.
1593Nashe Christ's T. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 170 More relishsome..then the nectarized Aqua cælestis of water-mingled blood, sluced from Christs side. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. i. 2 The vnpolluted blood from him was sluc'de. 1667Milton P.L. i. 702 Veins of liquid fire Sluc'd from the Lake. 1805–6Cary Dante, Inf. vii. 106 A well That boiling pours itself down to a foss Sluiced from its source. 1830Tennyson Arab. Nts. 26 A broad canal From the main river sluiced.
c. To lead or draw off by, or as by, a sluice.
1753–4Richardson Grandison (1781) I. xv. 89 When a stream is sluiced off into several channels, there is the less fear that it will overflow its banks. 1790W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. (1843) I. 68 The National Assembly,..whose pure streams..will soon be sluiced off into the other realms of Europe. 1846Hawthorne Mosses ii. vii, He will not survive it above a month, unless his accumulations be sluiced off in some other way. 1869Contemp. Rev. XI. 170 By what other means..could so many members of the human family have been sluiced off..into those stagnant pools?
2. To draw off or let out water from (a pond, lake, etc.) by means of a sluice or sluices. Freq. fig. and transf.
1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. Wks. (Grosart) V. 119 If by rain..those ponds were so full they need to bee sluste or let out. 1697Congreve Mourning Bride v. iii, I'll sluce this Heart, The Source of Woe, and let the Torrent loose. 1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 678 Led by this arm thy sons shall hither come,..Nor sluice their lakes, nor form their soils in vain. 1819Scott Fam. Lett. (1894) II. 39 My veins have been sluiced so often that they give me pain in writing. 1892Harper's Mag. Oct. 799/2 A project for sluicing the universities, called university extension.
b. Const. into (one or more streams, channels, etc.) or in. Also fig.
1596Warner Alb. Eng. xii. lxxv. (1602) 310 The once ship-bearing Ley by Alfred slu'ste in Three. 1642Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 45 Germany..is like a great River sluced into sundry Channels. 1681Dryden Span. Friar i. i, Let Honour Call for my Bloud; and sluce it into streams. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 119 Where..the Tuscan tide Into th' Avernian friths is sluiced. 1856Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1879) II. 34 Avenues by which the commonplace world is sluiced in among the Highlands.
c. To drain of blood, to kill. rare—1.
1749Smollett Regicide iv. ii, To sluice them in th' unguarded hour of rest! Infernal sacrifice!
3. To cast, fling, or pour (something) as if through a sluice.
1610–11J. Davies (Heref.) Paper's Compl. 20 Wks. (Grosart) II. 75 What a dewce Meanst thou such filth in my white face to sluce? 1894A. Morrison Mean Streets 88 Profanity was sluiced down, as it were, by pailfuls.
b. Lumbering. To send or float (logs) down a sluice-way.
1877Lumberman's Gaz. 17 Nov. 309 The Chippewa will sluice down on the river mills at least 400,000,000 feet of logs. 1879Ibid. 15 Oct., The last of the logs..will probably be sluiced through the dam some time this week.
4. To throw or pour water over (a person or thing); to swill with water, esp. in order to clean or wash; to flush or scour with a rush of water. Also, to fill with water.
(a)1755H. Walpole Lett. 19 Oct. (1840) III. 161, I have told you what I think ought to sluice my public eye; and your private eye too will moisten, when I tell you [etc.] 1793Southey Lett. (1856) I. 17 The ground spouts up water,..and..you get completely sluiced for curiosity and amusement. a1803C. L. Lewes Mem. (1805) I. 26 He was (at the moment I sluiced him) either dosing or fast asleep. 1846Thackeray Cornhill to Cairo xii. Wks. 1900 V. 686 Water so fresh..never sluiced parched throats before. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xiii, His neck and face, which he had been sluicing with cold water.
(b)1798Capt. Miller in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. p. clvii, I had the Ship completely sluiced, as one of our precautionary measures against fire. 1831Lincoln Herald 28 Oct. 2/4 On slusing Grimsby dock..the body..was found in the mud. 1853Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 211 Jack Horsehide, who, as usual, was sluicing the flags with water. 1862Sala Seven Sons II. vii. 195 To scrub the pannikins, and sluice out the tubs with water.
b. slang. (See quots.)
1796Grose's Dict. Vulgar T. (ed. 3), Sluice your Gob, take a hearty drink. 1865Slang Dict. 236 Sluicing one's bolt, drinking.
c. U.S. and Austr. To wash (auriferous ore) in a gold-miner's sluice. Also with out.
1859[see sluicing vbl. n. b]. 1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Min. 350 In sluicing out the ore now on hand. 1890Goldfields of Victoria 7 The area of ground sluiced is much in excess of previous quarters.
5. intr. To flow or pour out or down as through a sluice. Also fig.
1593Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 61 The siluer gates of the Temple..were..but slimy flood-gates for thicke iellied gore to sluce out by. 1834Landor Exam. Shaks. Wks. 1853 II. 292/1, I fear me, for once, all his wisdom would sluice out in vain. 1855A. W. Cole Legends in Verse 3 The rain on the windows kept..Sluicing and dashing.
Hence sluiced |sluːst|, ˈsluicing ppl. adjs.
1607T. Walkington Optic Glass 156 The other with a double-sluced eye Did sacrifice his teares. 1848Dickens Dombey xxxii, This here sluicing night is hard lines to a man as lives on his condition. |