| 释义 |
compulsion|kəmˈpʌlʃən|
Also 5–6 -cion, 6 -syon, -sioun.
[a. F. compulsion (14th c. in Littré), ad. L. compulsiōn-em, n. of action from compell-ĕre, compuls- to compel.]
1. a. The action, or an act, of compelling, or the condition of being compelled; constraint, obligation, coercion.
1462Edw. IV in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 41 I. 130 We desyre nothinge of them by way of ymposition, compulcion..but all onely of theyr humanitie and good wills. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 38 Pream., Made by compulcion, cohercion and emprisonement. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 43 Content to do it willingly without ony compulsioun. 1649Milton Eikon. Wks. (1738) I. 244 Wherfore was there such compulsion us'd..about conforming to a Liturgy? 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. Wks. X. 123 What..is the difference between him that is taxed by compulsion without representation, and him that is represented by compulsion in order to be taxed? 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xii. 247 Such an oath could have been taken only under compulsion. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 141 If he likes he pays my price, but there is no compulsion.
b. phr. on compulsion.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 261 Poin. Come, your reason Iack, your reason. Falst. What, vpon compulsion? No: were I at the Strappado, or all the Racks in the World, I would not tell you on compulsion. ― Merch. V. iv. i. 183 Por. Then must the Iew be mercifull. Iew. On what compulsion must I? 1859Lewin Invas. Brit. 119 The tribute..would not be forthcoming except on compulsion.
†c. rarely with pl. Obs.
1660H. More Myst. Godl. To Rdr. 15 Forcing one another to..profession of what they do not believe, by harsh Antichristian compulsions.
2. Psychol.
a. An insistent impulse to behave in a certain way, contrary to one's conscious intentions or standards.
1913A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Interpret. Dreams v. 206 There is a class which has accentuated the childish impulse to a compulsion—they are the exhibitionists. 1937Koestler Spanish Testament ii. vii. 314 Often before had attacks of such compulsions, hitherto always managed to fight them down. 1944J. S. Huxley Living in Revol. 194 How can the unconscious compulsions of very early life..be rendered as little harmful as possible? 1951K. Horney Neurosis & Human Growth i. 38 The difference, then, between healthy strivings and neurotic drives for glory is one between spontaneity and compulsion. 1965A. D. Weisman Existential Core of Psychoanalysis vii. 205 In contrast to compulsion, choice is essential to responsible acts.
b. attrib., as compulsion neurosis [tr. Ger. zwangsneurose] Psychiatry, a psychoneurotic disorder characterized by recurrent compulsions and compulsive ideas (cf. obsessional neurosis); so compulsion-neurotic n.
1909A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Sel. Papers on Hysteria iv. 77 From neurasthenia we sharply distinguished the compulsion neurosis (Zwangsneurose). 1938R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art iv. 62 Freud..answers it by bringing the supposed facts of magic into relation with those of compulsion-neurosis as studied by himself in his own patients. Ibid. 63 Freud quotes a patient of his own, a compulsion-neurotic. 1963New Yorker 29 June 27 He was most like a compulsion neurotic. |