| 释义 |
communist|ˈkɒmjuːnɪst|
[f. as prec. + -ist: cf. F. communiste.]
1. a. An adherent of the theory of communism.
1841–2[see 3]. 1843Barmby in New Age 1 Dec. 132 The Communist..gives it [the Communion Table] a higher signification, by holding it as a type of that holy millenial communitive life. a1849E. Elliott Poet. Wks. (1876) II. 202 What is a communist?—One who hath yearnings For equal division of unequal earnings: Idler or bungler, or both, he is willing To fork out his penny and pocket your shilling. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 121 The citizens, if not actually communists, are in spirit communistic. 1883F. Harrison in Pall Mall G. 28 Sept. 2/1 The logical communists..bitterly complain of nationalization of the land as a device of the bourgeois to save the nationalization of capital.
transf. and fig.1844Emerson Yng. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 297 It [Destiny] may be styled..a terrible communist, reserving all profits to the community, without dividend to individuals. 1878Tait & Stewart Unseen Univ. iii. 126 The tendency of heat is towards equalisation; heat is par excellence the communist of our universe.
b. spec. An adherent or supporter of Communism (see prec., 1 b), esp. of Soviet Communism; hence, loosely, any opponent of capitalism; a supporter of revolutionary or left-wing policies. (Freq. with capital initial.)
1850[see prec., 1 b]. 1919Manifesto in Communist International i. 5/1 We Communists, representatives of the revolutionary proletariat of the different countries of Europe, America, and Asia, assembled in Soviet Moscow, feel and consider ourselves..fulfillers of the programme proclaimed seventy-two years ago. 1921H. N. Brailsford Russian Workers' Republic vi. 96 Any one of the rival parties in Russia could show a superiority over the Communists. 1955H. Hodgkinson Doubletalk 32 A Communist, in Soviet eyes, is a person who unreservedly accepts the leadership of the Soviet Communist Party. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 29/4, I also knew we would be called Communists because that is the final insult which can be used by people on this continent who would try to destroy an organization.
¶2. erron. A supporter of the Commune of Paris; a Communard.
(So constantly in English newspapers.)
1870Daily News 7 Oct., The Communists mistake the times, they are not now in 1792. To-day Paris needs France, and cannot do without her.
3. a. attrib. or adj. Of the communists; communistic. esp. in sense 1 b.
1841Barmby [founded] The London Communist Propaganda Society. 1842Oracle of Reason 13 Aug. 280 Proclamation to the inhabitants of Cheltenham..Signed Goodwyn Barmby, Pontifarch of the Communist Church. 1848W. E. Forster in T. W. Reid Life (1888) I. vii. 246 The Communist doctrine of not paying a man in proportion to his work. 1850Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 119 The Communist party would then have tried conclusions with him [the President of the French Republic]. 1850H. Macfarlane tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto of German Communist Party in Red Republican 30 Nov. 190/3 Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist Revolution. 1919Times 13 Mar. 10/1 The Soviet Government, eager to concentrate efforts on a plan for world-wide communist revolution. 1919tr. Trotsky's Hist. Russ. Revol. 146 At the Congress of the Communist Party, just as at the fourth Congress of the Soviets, those in favour of peace were in a majority. 1935C. Isherwood Mr. Norris vii. 105 He had left the communist cell to which Otto belonged and joined the local Nazi storm-troop. 1937[see angle v.2 4]. 1954J. Plamenatz Marxism & Communism xi. 280 Though twenty-seven years have elapsed since Stalin published the second of his two famous books, nothing really important has since been added to the body of Communist doctrine. Ibid. xiii. 331 Had Germany and not Russia turned Communist after the First World War. 1967Listener 2 Feb. 171/2 Throughout the tragic history of American intervention in Vietnam, there runs the belief that if you are a pacifist or a neutralist, you can only be communist.
b. Comb. (sense 1 b), as communist-controlled, communist-directed, communist-dominated, communist-inspired, communist-led adjs.
1955Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 205 Communist-controlled trade unions in France and Italy.
1945W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 7, I have been told that I made a mistake in under-rating the power of the Communist-directed E.L.A.S.
1948in M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1951) 6/3 Sullivan..resigned that post a year ago, charging that the organization was ‘Communist-dominated’. 1957M. Swan Brit. Guiana 141 Affiliations with the Communist-dominated World Federation of Trade Unions.
1940Wyndham Lewis Let. 24 Apr. (1963) 271 The young communist-inspired ‘Social Realists’. 1955Treatment of Brit. P.O.W.'s in Korea (H.M.S.O.) 28 Communist-inspired demonstrations and ‘peace’ petitions.
1938Ann. Reg. 1937 241 The Communist-led elements among the workers. |