| 释义 |
commissary|ˈkɒmɪsərɪ|
Forms: 4–5 commyssary, 4–7 -missarie, 5 comissarie, -yssari, -yssarye, 5–6 -issarye, commissarye, 6 commisarie, 6– commissary.
[ad. med.L. commissāri-us (whence F. commissaire) one to whom any duty is specially committed or entrusted, an officer in charge, commissioner, f. commiss-us committed, entrusted, specially appointed: see -ary.]
1. a. One to whom a special duty or charge is committed by a superior power; one commissioned to act as representative; a deputy, delegate.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. xii. (1869) 79 Of this pleyn power we yeuen yow, and maken yow commissarye. 1494Fabyan vii. 549 Chosen and deputed specyall commyssaries by the thre astatis of this present parlyament. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 391 b, His Bulles of Pardons and his deputary Comissaryes. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 931 To set out the solemne dances and shewes, for which he was chosen commissarie and overseer. 1649Selden Laws Eng. ii. xiii. (1739) 69 [They] declared themselves by their Commissaries, to be the Three States, and Representative of the People of England. 1683Apol. Prot. France ii. 21 A Declaration was published, requiring that there should be a Papist Commissary in their Synods. 1787T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 302 Commissaries are to be appointed on each side to see that the disarming takes place. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos (1877) III. iii. 27 The nobles and prelates thronged thither, and the towns sent commissaries.
fig.a1631Donne Poems 294 (T.) Great Destiny, the Commissary of God, That has mark'd out a path and period For everything.
b. = commissar 2.
1917Times 22 Mar. 7/2 The Commissaries of the Duma were arriving. Ibid. 11 Apr. 6/3 The department of international relations attached to the committee of workmen's and soldiers' delegates has the right to be represented by a commissary at the office of the Petrograd Telegraph Agency. 1920Goode Bolshevism at Work 18 The Council of People's Commissaries. 1923S. Leacock Over Footlights 161 She goes out stealthily to denounce her husband and Hootch to the commissaries of the police. 1929Rappoport tr. Larsons' Expert Service Soviet 133 The Commissary for Finance, Sokolnikoff.
2. Eccl. An officer exercising spiritual or ecclesiastical jurisdiction as the representative of the bishop in parts of his diocese; or one entrusted with the performance of an absent bishop's duties.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. ii. 154 Let Cart-sadele vr Commissarie, vr Cart he schal drawe. 1377Ibid. B. xv. 234 In þe constorie bifor þe comissarie he cometh nouȝt ful ofte. c1450Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 680/37 (Nomina Dignitatum Clericorum), Hic comissarius, comyssari. 1533More Apol. xlvii. Wks. 920/2 A priest taken for heresy, and in the commissaries handes. 1611Rich Honest. Age (1844) 16 If shee be rich, and hath abilitie to bring her accuser to the Comissaries Court? a1661Fuller Worthies i. 336 He was..a singular good Advocate, Chancellour of Ely, Commissary of Sudberry and Westminster. 1726Ayliffe Parerg. 160 The Commissaries of Bishops, whose Authority is only in some certain Place of the Diocess, and in some certain Causes of the Jurisdiction limited to them by the Bishop's Commission. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. 183 We can then imagine what England must have been with an archdeacon's commissary sitting constantly in every town; exercising an undefined jurisdiction over general morality. 1863H. Cox Instit. ii. xi. 568 Courts of commissaries appointed by the bishops. Mod. Clergy List (Bishops, and Cathedral Establishments), Canterbury, Commissary of City and Diocese. Winchester, Chancellor of the Diocese and Commissary for Surrey.
3. Eng. Univ.
†a. At Oxford, formerly the title of the Chancellor's Deputy (Vice-Chancellor).
b. At Cambridge, an officer who holds a court of record for all privileged persons under the degree of M.A. (see quot. 1797).
1431W. Warbelton in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 34 I. 104 The said suppliant..sent his servaunts to the Chauncellor of Oxenford and his commissarie. 1530–1Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Scholers..that go about beggynge, not beyng authorysed..by the commissarye Chauncellour or vychancellour of the same. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 548 In 1446, he being then in his Regency, he became one of the Commissaries of the University [there were three in succession in 1446]. 1797Camb. Univ. Calendar 139 The commissary is an officer under the chancellor, he is an assistant or assessor to the vice-chancellor in his court. 1886Act 49 & 50 Vict. c. 31 Pream., The chancellor of the University of Oxford and his commissary (commonly called the vice-chancellor).
4. a. Mil. An officer or official who has charge of the supply of food, stores, and transport, for a body of soldiers. (Formerly they also inspected the musters of men.)
1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xii. 33 There shal be wyse comyssaryes that gode hede shal take that for couetyse of the payement of the souldyours noo decepcion be made. 1623Bingham Xenophon 89 One..told me that the Commissaries for victuall had infinitely abused the Armie. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. xxi. (1821) 215 The Commissaries of the Musters. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2030/2 The Auxiliary Troops begin to arrive..Commissaries have been sent to receive them and to provide all things necessary for them. 1711Ibid. No. 4823/3 Any of the Deputy-Commissaries of the Musters. 1768T. Simes Mil. Medley, Commissary of stores is an officer in the Artillery who has the charge of all the stores. 1782Burke Sp. Nabob Arcot's Debts App. Wks. IV. 363 He was commissary to the army in that expedition. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. i. viii. (L.), A miscellany of soldiers, commissaries, adventurers.
b. A store for provisions or other merchandise, esp. for issuing or selling articles to people engaged in a particular kind of work; spec. a dining-room or refectory in a film studio or the like. U.S.
1882Rep. Indian Affairs (U.S.) 1 Sept. 151 Two new buildings..have been constructed; a commissary with offices, and a council-house with guard rooms. 1898T. N. Page Red Rock 37 He is a clerk in old Bolter's commissary. 1929A. C. & C. Edington Studio Murder Myst. xiv, Will you go with me to the commissary and have a drink? 1938H. C. Nixon 40 Acres 4 The store in which I grew up served as commissary, office and general clearing house for the plantation. 1955‘N. Shute’ Requiem for Wren vii. 202, I visited her film studio..and had lunch with her in the commissary.
c. = commissariat 4. U.S.
1883Century Mag. Sept. 672 This enforced idleness reduced our commissary to an alarming minimum. 1929J. Parker Old Army 337 The Spanish ship Salvadora arrived with commissaries.
5. In Scotland: The judge in a commissary court; in present practice, the sheriff of each county acting in the commissary court. (Cf. commissar.)
1885Dict. Nat. Biogr. III. 52/2 It was found necessary to institute a commissary court at Edinburgh [in 1563]..Balfour was the chief of the four first commissaries.
6. A superior officer of police (in France). [F. commissaire de police.]
1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvi. (1872) III. 191/2 The commissaries of police ran about the city..and called the people up to illuminate. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country (1889) 71 Had he proposed this question to..the Police, The Commissary of his Quarter.
7. attrib.
1780R. Putnam Memoirs (1903) 154 Either a commesary store should be keept here or some extra provition should be lodged here for the supply of such small parties. 1848J. S. Robinson Sk. Great West 10 If we cannot overtake the commissary wagons we shall have nothing to eat. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 299 His mad foray upon the Grecian commissary stores. 1887Harper's Mag. Dec. 112/1 Commissary and butcher bills were still unpaid.
8. commissary court.
a. The court of a bishop's commissary.
b. in Sc. Law. (a) A supreme court established in Edinburgh in 1563, in which matters of probate and divorce, previously under the jurisdiction of the bishop's commissary, were decided; it was absorbed by the Court of Session in 1836; (b) A sheriff or county court which appoints and confirms executors of deceased persons leaving personal property in Scotland.
[1616R. C. Times' Whis. vi. 2546 The Commissaries court's a spiders webbe. 1643J. White 1st Cent. Scandalous Priests 7 That the Commissaries Court were the suburbs of Heaven.] 1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 62 Hence the Commissary Court was called the Bishops Court. 1885[see 5].
9. commissary general. A chief or head commissary.
a. gen. One appointed to act as supreme representative of a superior power.
[1555Eden Decades W. Ind. ii. vii. (Arb.) 126 Whom yowre holynes created generall commissarie in the warres.] 1562in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxv. 280 Appointing him his Vicar-general, delegate, and commissary-general in spirituals. 1626Markham Souldiers Gram. ii. 12 The Judge-Marshall, or Comissarie generall, who ought to be a learned Gentleman and skilfull in the ciuill and Marshall Lawes. 1768Boswell Corsica ii. (ed. 2) 83 The Genoese sent to Corsica a commissary general, or governour over the whole island. 1832tr. Sismondi's Ital. Rep. xvi. 345 He had been named commissary general, with unlimited power over all that remained without the capital.
b. Mil. The head of a department of the military service charged with the victualling, etc., of the army; the chief of a commissariat service.
1598Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 151 The..guarding of them [victualers] did concerne the Commissary Generall of the hoste. 1688J. S. Art of War 56 The Commissary General of the Victuals. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3825/3 Her Majesty has been pleased to constitute the Rt. Hon. the Lord Walden Commissary-General of the Musters. 1727–51Chambers Cycl., Commissary-General of the musters, or muster⁓master general, takes an account of the strength of every regiment, reviews them, sees that the horse be well mounted, and all the men well armed and accoutred. 1811Wellington in Gurw. Disp. VII. 404 A Commissariat should be appointed consisting of a Commissary general, and a certain number of deputy commissaries and assistant commissaries and clerks. 1886Whitaker's Almanack 175 Commissariat and Transport Staff..Commissaries-General..Deputy Commissaries-General. Ibid. Ordnance Store Department. Commissary-General..Deputy Commissaries-General. |