| 释义 |
▪ I. slant, n.1|slɑːnt, -æ-|
Also 7, Sc. 9 slaunt.
[Connected with slant adv., a., and v. See also slent n.1]
1. a. The slope of a hill, piece of ground, etc.; a sloping stretch of ground; an inclined plane or surface.
1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 87 The best Situation of a House or City, is upon the Slaunt of a South-west Hill. 1728Pemberton Newton's Philos. 84 If this globe be drawn along the slant DF, less force will be required to raise it, than if it were lifted directly up. 1757J. H. Grose Voy. E. Indies 92 Returning then to the foot of the hill, you ascend an easy slant. 1802[see skelf]. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. (1846) II. xiv. 41 Ferdinand..kept along the southern slant of the coast as far as Almeria. 1860J. W. Warter Sea-board II. 33 His dog..brought back some stray sheep to the sunny side of the slant.
b. A small surface, a short line, having an oblique position or direction.
c1711Petiver Gazophyl. x. §98 Luzone Olive Whelk, with white Slants and Spots. 1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 10 First cut the pieces with a slope, or slant,..and then spread a thin layer of shoemaker's wax over the slants. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country 122 Each pullet-egg Of diamond, slipping flame from fifty slants.
c. A sloping beam or ray of light.
1855Dickens Dorrit iv, Pale slants of light from the yard above. 1862Thornbury Life Turner I. 20 Crimson fog-suns and misty slants of sunshine. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. i, A slant of light from the setting sun.
d. Mining. (See quot. 1881.)
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Slant, a heading driven diagonally between the dip and the strike of a coal-seam; also called a run. 1892Pall Mall G. 27 Aug. 5/1 He succeeded in penetrating the mine a hundred yards into the main slant.
e. Typogr. = oblique n. 5, solidus1 2. Used esp. of either of a pair of lines enclosing the representation of a linguistic (esp. phonemic) element.
1962Gen. Systems VII. 299/2 Its mate is suffixed with a slant (virgule), thus: 4006 How to Silence. 4006/ How to Sound. 1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. Gen. Linguistics i. 24 This [sc. a significans] we represent between slants (/ž e mal a la tet/, /ž e mal/, /mal/). 1972Hartmann & Stork Dict. Lang. & Linguistics 172/1 Phonemic transcription is usually written between slants, e.g. /hɑus/.
2. A course or movement in an oblique direction.
1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 313 Kept plying to Windward not far from the Land, sometimes making good Slants. 1889T. E. Brown Manx Witch 2 Lek didn want The Pazon to know her, and made a slant.
3. a. Slope, inclination, obliquity. on the slant, aslant, obliquely. Also on a slant.
1817H. T. Colebrooke Algebra, etc. 97 Where the length of the cavity, owing to the slant of the sides, is measured [etc.]. 1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abr. 258 The slant of a ladder that leans against a house. 1884Queen Victoria More Leaves 97 Not a bad road, but on the steeper side of the hill, and quite on the slant. 1951E. Paul Springtime in Paris xv. 286 Busse..leaped quickly, hit the lower level of the street pavement on a slant, and almost turned his ankle. 1957D. Lessing Going Home ii. 35 The night was magnificent; the Southern Cross on a slant overhead.
b. Microbiol. A sloping surface of culture medium, usu. prepared by letting it solidify in a sloping test-tube, and used for the culture of micro-organisms. Cf. slope n.1 3 a.
1899T. Bowhill Man. Bacteriol. Technique ii. 60 Take three freshly prepared tubes of oblique surface agar-agar—usually called ‘agar-slants’—with plenty of water of condensation in the bottom. 1924Jrnl. Bacteriol. IX. 398 Loops were transferred, at intervals up to four hours, to agar slants, and these were incubated overnight. 1949Amer. Jrnl. Path. XXV. 7 Growth on plated media, while not unlike that on slants, was somewhat slower. 1972Sci. Amer. Sept. 187/1 Dried yeast is typically sealed in an airtight envelope filled with nitrogen. Cultures can be perpetuated by inoculating slants of fresh nutrient agar under sterile conditions every 90 days.
4. techn.
a. A receptacle having a sloping bottom in which paint-brushes are placed in order to keep them moist.
1875Field & Davidson Grammar of Colouring 168 The brushes..may be dipped in nut-oil and laid in a tin slant until wanted again. c1896Rowney's Price List 20 Oil Slant and Smutch Pan.
b. A slab having shallow sloping compartments or depressions for water-colours.
1897Army & Navy Stores List 817 Round China Slants and Basins.
5. dial. and U.S. A sly hit or sarcasm.
Occurs much earlier in the form slent.
1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Slant, sly jokes, or petty lies. 1828–32Webster, Slant, an oblique reflection or gibe; a sarcastic remark. (In vulgar use.) 1856Mrs. Stowe Dred I. xxi. 274 Had the slant fallen upon himself, personally, Old Tiff would probably have given a jolly crow. 1897Howells Landlord at Lion's Head 94 Whitwell felt an ironical slant in the words.
6. slang. An occasion, chance, opportunity; also, an opportunity of going somewhere.
1837Fraser's Mag. XVI. 49, I boldly entered myself on board a privateer, with the determination of playing them a slippery trick the very first slant I had. 1859Cornwallis New World I. 140 It was n't any wonder, when we did get a slant into town, if we took a drop too much. 1868H. Woodruff Trotting Horse Amer. iii. 58, I have known many that will be always watching slants to get an extra quart of oats for their colts.
7. Austr. slang. (See quot.)
1897P. Warung Tales Old Regime 217 Pedder had got tired of things in general, and had organized that movement which was popularly known in Norfolk Island and Port Arthur as a ‘slant’, that is, he had planned a murder or a mutiny on purpose to obtain a trial in Hobart or Sydney.
8. A way of regarding something, a point of view or ‘angle’; an interpretation; a bias. orig. U.S.
1905N.Y. Even. Post 28 Jan. 5 The titles of articles on this subject bear an extremely pessimistic slant. 1927C. Connolly Let. 26 Jan. in Romantic Friendship (1975) 230 The slant at which I write betrays an unbearable optimism. 1935M. M. Atwater Murder in Midsummer xv. 138 Mentally he was going over his ‘story’..to change the slant of some of the phrases. 1948Sunday Pictorial 18 July 12/3 A new and intriguing slant on the Borgias by Nigel Balchin. 1965Amer. N. & Q. Mar. 99/2 The book has a pro-Galvão slant showing the man as a romantic hero. 1973J. Wood North Beat ii. 19 New slant—timing the lunch-hour, eh? When did we have that one before?
9. U.S. colloq. A glance, look.
1911E. Ferber Dawn O'Hara viii. 109 You're supposed t'take a slant at th'things an' make up your mind w'at you want. 1934[see petting vbl. n. 3].
10. U.S. slang. A slant-eyed person, spec. used as a term of contempt for one of Oriental stock. Cf. slant-eye(s) s.v. slant a. 3.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §385/19 Oriental..slant. 1969Time 5 Dec. 26/1 To the G.I. the Vietnamese..is a ‘gook’, ‘dink’, ‘slope’ or ‘slant’. 1976M. Machlin Pipeline vii. 79 And the fuckin' Eskimo slants are tryin' to get the rest of it. 1978J. Gores Gone, no Forwarding (1979) 191 He took me back to the slant broad... A slant or a Buddha-head.
Add:[2.] b. Amer. Football. (a) An attacking play in which the ball-carrier moves into the line of scrimmage at an oblique angle. (b) In full, slant-in. A pass pattern in which a receiver runs diagonally towards the goal-line from the line of scrimmage.
[1927G. S. Warner Football for Coaches & Players 143 (caption) 10 precedes 11, the ball carrier, in a driving, slanting tandem, hitting between E and F. For a sure gain of a few yards this is a better play than A-3.] 1947D. X. Bible Championship Football iv. 33 Straight-ahead plunges and slants are direct plays. 1953C. C. Caldwell Mod. Football for Spectator vii. 142 Slant charge. In this type of charge, the defensive lineman moves obliquely across the line of scrimmage. 1957Encycl. Brit. IX. 478/2 Reverses..are even more important in the double wing formation than they are in the single wing, but slants and plunges also are effective. 1982S. B. Flexner Listening to Amer. 243 Stanford during his own long career, refined the single wing at Pitt and combined it with his own unbalanced line and slant plays. 1988L. Wilson Amer. Football ii. 29/1 If you are running a slant-in, look for the ball over your inside shoulder.
▪ II. slant, n.2 Naut.|slɑːnt, -æ-|
[Later form of slent n.2]
A slight breeze or spell of wind, etc.
1823Scoresby Jrnl. 381 Having a slant of wind from the eastward, we fetched the coast of Ireland. 1867Trollope Chron. Barset II. lxii. 195 Trimming his sails, so as to catch any slant of a breeze. 1871Daily News 16 Mar., We got a slant of bad weather, which, however, did not prevent other balloons from starting. 1892Clark Russell List, Ye Landsmen i, Should there come a slant of wind, I'm off.
b. Used without the genitive phrase.
1833M. Scott Tom Cringle xii, Having had a slant from the land wind in the night previous. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xii, The wind coming against them in slants and flaws. 1876R. F. Burton Gorilla Land II. 15 There was no wind except a slant at sunset.
▪ III. slant, adv. and a.|slɑːnt, -æ-|
Also 5 slonte, 7 slaunt.
[Aphetic for ME. a-slonte, o-slante, etc.: see aslant adv. It is not clear in what way these forms are related to the early n. and vb. slent.]
A. adv. In a slanting, sloping, or oblique manner or direction; slantingly, aslant.
1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. viii. ix. 306 Zodiacus is a cercle that passith slonte [Bodl. MS. aslonte]. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 29 Cut the nebbe first slant downewards to make it thinne, and after strait ouerthwart. c1700C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 294 Encompassing ye maze, in which are some slaunt cut wayes. 1795Southey Joan of Arc vii. 625 The mighty Talbot came, And smote his helmet: slant the weapon fell. 1804Wolcot's (P. Pindar) Beauties Eng. Poetry II. 11 A bridge, that cuts From Richmond Ferry slant to Brentford Butts. 1878Bayne Purit. Rev. v. 185 The sunbeams fell slant through the church windows.
B. adj.
1. Of wind, etc.: Blowing or coming from the side; moving obliquely.
c1618Moryson Itin. iv. viii. (Roxb.) 136 Beholding an English Shipp woorke into the harbor with a very slant and boysterous gayle of wynde. 1667Milton P.L. x. 1075 The slant Lightning, whose thwart flame driv'n down Kindles the gummie bark of Firr or Pine. 1790Naval Chron. XXIV. 49 A slant wind..brought me..in with the island. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. 318 Trampling the slant winds on high.
2. a. Having an oblique or sloping position or direction; inclined from the perpendicular or horizontal; falling, lying, placed, etc. slantwise.
1776Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad vi. 260 On the wide mountain-wave's slant ridge. 1784Cowper Task vi. 59 The southern side of the slant hills. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. 194 Hatched with slant lines. 1863B. Taylor H. Thurston xviii, The sun threw softer and slanter lights over the beautiful picture of the valley. 1883Proctor Great Pyramid ii. 56 The slant tunnel would give the direction of the true north.
b. Of direction: Oblique.
1793W. Roberts Looker-on No. 47 (1794) II. 188 Those fine obliquities of his genius began to expand, and, taking a thousand slant and cross directions [etc.]. 1807Southey Espriella's Lett. II. 173 Across which we had about three leagues to sail in a slant direction. 1871Daily News 25 Jan., The French began to retreat, and in a slant direction right in front of us.
3. In special collocations, as slant fire, slant height, slant side, slant tack, slant vein (see quots.); slant-drill v. intr. Oil Industry, to drill a bore hole at an angle to the vertical; also trans.; so slant-drilling vbl. n.; slant-eye(s) slang (orig. U.S.), a slant-eyed person, spec. an Asian (cf. slant n.1 10); slant-line = slant n.1 1 e; slant-rhyme = half-rhyme s.v. half- II. n.
1969New Scientist 24 Apr. 169/1 They suggest the search for oil..should be restricted to *slant-drilling from the shore.
1975Offshore Sept. 244/2 Much of the area covered by the sale can be *slant-drilled from the shoreline or the barrier islands. 1976L. St. Clair Fortune in Death i. 8 We've wasted enough time fishing drill pipe out of this hole. Let's plug back and slant-drill. 1977Time 28 Feb. 17/2 Two weeks ago the Israelis began sinking another hole on the shore at El Tur, slant-drilling into the waters whose ownership it disputes.
1929Amer. Speech IV. 344 *Slant eye, an oriental. 1962E. Snow Red China Today (1963) xii. 85 One might assume that contempt for American imperialism would by now have produced Chinese equivalents of insulting American epithets such as slopeys, slant-eyes and chinks. 1966Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. 1964 xlii. 31 A few terms [for Orientals] reflect stereotype racial characteristics, i.e., yellow-belly, yellow⁓man, slant eyes. 1972Times 20 May 3/4, I have engaged in campaigns against blacks, yellows and slant-eyes. Why should we have one rule for the whites and one for coloureds? 1974Times Lit. Suppl. 26 July 795/4 And those Jap Ph.D.'s, their questionnaires! (Replying ‘Sod off, Slant-Eyes’ led to friction.) 1977‘J. le Carré’ Hon. Schoolboy i. 36 Renting a cottage in the New Territories, he..proposed to expire under a slanteye heaven.
1851J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 43 *Slant fire [is] when the shot strikes the interior slope of the parapet, forming with it a horizontal angle not greater than 30°.
1798Hutton Course Math. II. 42 To find the Surface of a Pyramid or Cone. Multiply the perimeter of the base by the *slant height, or length of the side [etc.]. 1873J. Pryde Pract. Math. 156 The slant height of a cone.
1954F. G. Cassidy Robertson's Devel. Mod. Eng. (ed. 2) iv. 61 Phonemic symbols are placed between virgules (or ‘*slant-lines’, or ‘diagonals’). 1966Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xlvi. 16 In line with Haugen's procedure..slant lines..used in this article perform double duty for phonemic and diaphonic representations.
1944Mod. Lang. Q. V. 324 Traditional prosodists have discussed rhyme as a degree of likeness in word sounds and have catalogued its approximations, alliteration, assonance, *slant rhyme, eye rhyme, [etc.]. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Jan. 50/2 Wilfred Owen and Yeats opted for slant-rhyme because it suited their poetic purposes; Fry seems to chime because sometimes he cannot rhyme.
a1823Hutton Course Math. (1828) II. 138 Suppose the same cone to be cut by a plane parallel to one of the *slant sides, entering the other slant side at 4 inches from the vertex. 1873J. Pryde Pract. Math. 156 A line from the vertex of a right cone to any point in the circumference of its base, is called its slant side.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 631 *Slant tack, that which is most favourable to the course when working to windward.
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. Q j, Having duly weighed its randome and Inclination either Way, whether any Cross or *Slant Vein appears. 1828Carr Craven Gloss., Slant-vein, one vein crossing another at an acute angle.
4. Comb., as slant-eyed, slant-shouldered.
1865Daily Telegr. 17 Nov. 5/2 A slant-eyed, saffron-coloured race. 1870Whittier Miriam 126 The slant-eyed sages of Cathay. 1897Flandrau Harvard Episodes 103 That hatchet-faced, slant-shouldered,..comic valentine.
Add: Hence ˈslanty a. = slanting ppl. a. a.
1928Daily Express 22 Dec. 8/3 With bright slanty eyes like a mouse, and the pretty animation of a tit in a spring hedgerow. 1983New Scientist 10 Feb. 387/2 rnd, step and not share keys with obscure wiggly brackets, slanty lines and arrows pointing every which way.
▪ IV. slant, v.|slɑːnt, -æ-|
Also 6 skla(u)nt.
[Later variant of slent v.1, the vowel having probably been influenced by aslant adv.]
1. intr. To strike obliquely on, upon, or against something.
1521Fisher Serm. agst. Luther Wks. (1876) 323 For the sonne shooreth so lowe by the grounde that his bemes thanne sklaunteth vpon the grounde. 1711in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 132 The ball..slanted upon the right shoulder of the Prince..and struck off the skin. 1777Ann. Reg. 161 Mr. Bates's sword bent and slanted against the Captain's breast-bone. 1873Smiles Huguen. France ii. ii. (1881) 342 The shot..slanted on the King's right shoulder, [and] took a piece out of his coat.
2. a. To be in, to have or take, an oblique direction or position; to deviate from a straight line or course; to slope.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 37 The Governor's House in the middle overlooks all, slanting diagonally with the Court. 1766J. Cunningham Poems, Inscription Imit. iii, Where the green hill so gradual slants, Or flowery glade extends. 1797Coleridge Kubla Khan 12 That deep romantic chasm which slanted Down the green hill. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xvii, An aged oak, That slanted from the islet rock. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. i. 24 The Tartar eyes are not only far apart, but slant inwards. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxvii. 218 A range of minor peaks ran slanting downwards.
b. Of light or shadow: To fall obliquely.
1795Cowper Moralizer Corrected 15 And from the trees..Shades slanting at the close of day Chill'd [etc.]. 1804Grahame Sabbath 371 The sunbeam slanting through the cedar grove. 1837–42Tennyson St. Agnes' Eve 6 The shadows of the convent-towers Slant down the snowy sward. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xvii, A sickening sense of the sunlight that slanted before him.
3. a. Of persons: To travel, move, sail, etc. in an oblique direction; to diverge from a direct course. Also U.S., to move off.
1692L'Estrange Josephus, Antiq. xvi. xii. (1733) 443 And so by a side-Wind he slaunted all the way upon Pheroras. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 143, I stretch'd a-cross this Eddy slanting North-west. 1776Carroll Jrnl. (1845) 74 From La Prairie you go slanting down the river to Montreal. 1861Dickens Gt. Expect. xlviii, We went along Cheapside, and slanted off to Little Britain. 1897Howells Landlord at Lion's Head 12 The father and the elder brother came out, and..slanted away to the barn together.
b. Of things: To take an oblique course.
a1849H. Coleridge Poems (1850) II. 11 The thunder roar'd, the sharp rain slanted. 1874L. Carr J. Gwynne I. iii. 69 From this her mind would slant off into a sideway. 1885C. E. Cradock Prophet of G.S.M. vii, Her rebuking glance slanted beyond him from under her half-lifted lashes.
c. fig. To be inclined, have a bent, towards something.
1850Lowell Unhappy Lot of Mr. Knott i. xi, I've always heard our poor friend somewhat slanted Tow'rd taking liquor overmuch.
4. trans. To cut with a slant.
1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 439 We venture to disapprove the custom of slanting Quoins on both sides, and planing their edges and corners off. Ibid., It would deserve the name of an improvement, were Quoins slanted on one side only.
5. a. To give an oblique or sloping direction to (something); to cause to slope.
1805Southey Madoc ii. xviii. 63 The evening glories which the sun Slants o'er the moving many-colour'd sea. 1812F. Burney Diary (1876) IV. lx. 206, I turned suddenly from my walk..to slant my steps close to where he sat. 1871B. Taylor Faust iv. ii. (1875) II. 254 Their inky sails are hither slanted. 1891Sportsman 8 July 8/1 The rain came down in torrents, slanted by the wind.
b. fig. To give a slant (slant n.1 8) or bias to (something). orig. U.S.
1939Writer's Digest Sept. 26/2 These types of articles are exceptionally valuable in slanting the writing for certain magazines and trade journals. 1951H. MacInnes Neither Five nor Three ii. xi. 166 Did that fool Weidler see that Blackworth was ‘slanting’ his use of material? 1960New Left Rev. May–June 66/1 There is no suggestion..that Mr. Bullock is deliberately slanting the picture he paints. 1980M. Babson Dangerous to Know vi. 41 ‘I suppose it could be slanted that way.’ It was obvious that May had been considering a different slant.
6. Of a path: To ascend in a sloping direction.
1850Tennyson In Mem. xxii, Where the path we walk'd began To slant the fifth autumnal slope. |