| 释义 |
▪ I. † scow, skow, n.1 Sc. Obs.
[Possibly a. Du. schouw (see next) in an unrecorded sense; the HG. etymological equivalent, schalte, has in Bavarian dialects the sense ‘wood for coopers, thin laths’ (Deutsches Wb. s.v.).]
pl. Strips of wood for wattle-work, barrel-staves, fixing thatch, etc.
1524–5Burgh Rec. Edin. (1869) I. 221 Thai had maid expenssis vpoun the standand graith of the commoun mylnis in stra, scowis, rauchteris, lyme [etc.]. 1538Aberdeen Reg. XVI. (Jam.), Girchtstingis & skowis. 1543Ibid. XVIII. (ibid.), Tymmer skowis Suadene buirdis, guirdstingis and boddummis. 1614Shipping Lists of Dundee in Wedderburne Compt Buik (S.H.S.) 246 The said bark laitlie arryved frome Melstrand contenand..auch thowsand barrellis of Skowie [? read Skowis] & ane hundreth pyp stalffis. 1705Sc. Acts Anne (1824) XI. 293/2 Knaple, skows, hoops, dutch nets..shall be free of custome.
▪ II. scow, n.2 U.S., Scotland, Ireland.|skaʊ|
Also skow.
[a. Du. schouw, MDu. schouwe, schoude = LG. schalde, HG. dial. schalte punt-pole, boat propelled by a pole; related to OS. scaldan to push (a boat) from the shore. Cf. Gael. sgoth.]
1. a. A large flat-bottomed lighter or punt.
1780Jefferson Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 254, I have empowered Colonel Carrington to have twelve boats, scows or batteaux, built. 1841Carlyle in Froude Life in Lond. I. 221 Three fishers too, whose rude Annan voices I heard busy in their skows in the Gallowbank Pool. 1848Bartlett Dict. Amer., Scow... On Lake Ontario they are sometimes rigged like a schooner or sloop, with a lee-board or sliding keel, when they make tolerably fast sailers. 1862W. H. Russell in Times 4 Apr., By 2 o'clock..about 8,500 men were on their way to..Fortress Monroe. They were carried in 12 large river steamers, some of which tugged scows for horses and artillery. 1877Ld. Hatherley in Law Rep., App. Cases II. 842 The navigation [on the river Leven] appears to be carried on in what are called scows, large barges, I suppose we should call them. 1878B. Harte Hoodlum Band 102 A long, low, sloop-rigged scow,..worked her way out of the mill-dam towards the Sound. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss., Skeow, a large flat barge, used to receive the mud raised by a dredging machine. 1884G. Allen Strange Stories 154 Captain Pierpoint arranged to take down a scow or flat-bottomed boat, laden with grain, from Milwaukee for the Erie Canal. 1909Times 27 Jan. 6/5 For the water he would use skows (flat-bottomed boats) which would also be capable of progressing upon the ice.
b. U.S. A small flat-bottomed racing yacht.
1929B. Heckstall-Smith ‘Britannia’ & her Contemporaries viii. 82 The result of these changes was that ten years after the Britannia was built the type of racing yacht had developed into a scow with a fin keel. 1932Sun (Baltimore) 13 Aug. 18/7 Pitted against the High Tide was the Inland Laker type sailing scow Elusive. 1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Sept. 30/1 The Australian tub, Gretel, hit the American scow, Intrepid. 1976Oxf. Compan. Ships & Sea 762/2 Scow,..used in the U.S.A. today to describe a small flat-bottomed racing yacht fitted with bilge boards or retractable bilge keels.
c. transf. Applied to one of several containers or vehicles used for transporting loads (see quots.).
1942Amer. Speech XVII. 104/2 Scow, truck with extraordinary capacity for a big load. 1961F. H. Burgess Dict. Sailing 180 Scow,..A shallow tray for hoisting small packages of cargo. 1971M. Tak Truck Talk 136 Scow,..a low-sided trailer used for hauling pipe, steel, stone, gravel, scrap and similar cargo. 1973Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 208 Scow, low-sided truck or rig used for hauling pipe or steel. 1977New Yorker 18 July 23/2 There is even, in a projected television series, a pilot of a spaceship (an interplanetary garbage scow) who is called Adam Quark.
2. Applied locally to a coracle.
1825–82Jamieson, Skow, a small boat made of willows, &c. covered with skins, Moray.
3. attrib. as scow-crew; scow-shaped adj.; scow schooner, sloop U.S. (see quot. 1885).
1775J. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 60 Father Smith prayed for our scow crew, I doubt not.
188517th Ann. List. Merchant Vessels U.S. p. xxx, Scows are built with flat bottoms and square bilges, but some of them have the ordinary schooner bow. They are fitted with one, two, and three masts, and are called scow-sloop or scow schooner, according to the rig they carry. 1913J. London Valley of Moon 269 At the foot of Castro street..the scow schooners, laden with sand and gravel, lay hauled to the shore in a long row. 1951H. I. Chapelle Amer. Small Sailing Craft 334 A few scow schooners were built with round bilges, but they were comparatively rare.
1897Outing (U.S.) XXIX. 547/1 A clumsy, scow-shaped cattle-boat.
1885Scow sloop [see scow schooner above]. 1941H. I. Chapelle Boatbuilding 28 The New Jersey oyster garvey, the Maine scow sloop, and the San Francisco scow schooner represent examples of the practical use of such hull forms. 1953Sunday Sun Mag. (Baltimore) 18 Oct. 24/4 An oddity in the sloop rig was the scow sloop, once common at the head of the Chesapeake near Havre de Grace... The last in service..was abandoned about 1940.
Add:[1.] d. Used as a term of disparagement for an old, usu. clumsy boat. Also transf. colloq. (orig. and chiefly N. Amer.).
1891‘Mark Twain’ Lett. (1917) II. xxxi. 557 We were allowed to go through the wrong arch, which brought us into a tourbillon below which tried to make this old scow stand on its head. 1922E. O'Neill Anna Christie (1923) ii. 50 What is a fine handsome woman the like of you doing on this scow? 1946R. E. Higginbotham Wine for my Brothers vi. 149 The only pleasant thought in him the idea of getting off this scow when she reached port. 1958E. A. McCourt Revolt in West ix. 76 The Police slipped out of the Fort..and boarded an old scow on the Saskatchewan River. 1982I. Asimov Foundation's Edge (1983) vi. 84 I've been looking for that hyper-relay as though I were on my old scow of a training ship, studying every part of the ship by eye. 1985Los Angeles Times 4 Sept. iii. 3/3 The old scow was quickly replaced by a new, sleeker craft and a highly competent crew.
▪ III. scow, n.3|skaʊ|
[Perh. two words: in sense a, prob. a transf. use of scow n.1; sense b may represent a transf. use of scow n.2 1.]
a. Orkney and Shetland. ‘A big gaunt woman’ (G. Lamb, Orkney Wordbk. (1988) s.v.).
b. slang (chiefly U.S.). A disparaging term for a woman.
1866T. Edmondston Etym. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 99 ‘A great scow of a woman’—a tall, thin, bony woman. 1927Peace's Orkney Almanac 135 Me hert's sair ower peerie Johnnie sweein' trou siccan a twa-faced scow. 1960Wentworth & Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang 449/2 Scow,..a large, ugly, and/or unpleasant woman. 1970R. Lowell Notebk. 143 Often the Dutch were sacks, their women a sack, Obstinate, undefeated hull of the old scow. 1970G. Greer Female Eunuch 265 More familiar terms in current usage refer to women as receptacles for refuse..as..scow.
▪ IV. scow, v.1|skaʊ|
[f. prec.]
a. intr. To cross over (a river) by means of a scow.
b. trans. (See quot. 1828–32.)
1749W. Douglass Summary I. 460 The ferry is about 80 rod, and..runs two or three knots, scowed over in about 9 minutes. 1751J. MacSparran Diary 1 Oct. in Letter Book (1899) 58 He and a Boy..were Scowing wood. 1828–32Webster, Scow, to transport in a scow. 1929W. Heyliger Builder of Dam 39 From this point I will scow the supplies over to the job.
▪ V. scow, v.2 Naut.|skaʊ|
[Of obscure origin.]
trans. in to scow an anchor: on a foul bottom, to bend the cable to the crown and stop it within the ring, so that in weighing the seizing may be broken and the anchor tripped. Hence scowed ppl. a.
1878D. Kemp Man. Yacht Sailing 366 Scowing an Anchor. 1879W. Rossiter Dict. Sci. Terms, Scowed anchor.
▪ VI. scow, v.3 north. dial.|skaʊ|
[Origin uncertain; prob. related to scowbanker.]
intr. To loiter, idle; to shirk work, play truant. Hence ˈscowing vbl. n.
1901F. E. Taylor Folk-Speech of S. Lancs. s.v. Scow, to idle about. 1905in Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 265/2 Now then, you're always scowing. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xvii. 372 Sagging..is definitely the prevailing term [for playing truant] amongst delinquents in all parts of Liverpool. A student..adds ‘scowing’ as a Liverpudlian expression. 1966F. Shaw et al. Lern Yerself Scouse 58, I wuz scowing, I was having an unofficial spell of leisure time. |