| 释义 |
▪ I. colonel, n.|ˈkɜːnəl|
Forms: α. 6 coronelle, corronel, 6–7 coronel(l, 7 -all, corronell; β. 6–7 colonell, 6–8 collonell, (7 colenel), 7–8 collonel, 6– colonel.
[c gray][In 16th c. coronel, a. F. coronnel (also coronel, couronnel, and later colonnel), ad. It. colonnello, colonello chief commander of a regiment, f. colonna column: cf. colonnello, colon(n)ella ‘a little columne or piller’ in Florio; also la compagnia colonnella, Fr. la compagnie colonelle, or simply la colonelle, the first company of a regiment of infantry. ‘The colonel was so called, because leading the little column or company at the head of the regiment’ (Skeat). The early Fr. coronel (whence also Sp. coronel) was due to the dissimilation of l–l, common in Romanic, though popular etymology associated it with corona, couronne crown. It is still dialectal (see Littré), but was supplanted in literary use, late in 16th c., by the more etymological colonnel; and under this influence and that of translations of Italian military treatises colonel also appeared in Eng. c 1580. The two forms were used indifferently by Barret, Holland, Decker, and others; coronel was the prevailing form till 1630, but disappeared in writing c 1650. Of 89 quots. examined before this date, 56 have coronel, 33 colonel, thus distributed: up to 1590 coronel 21, colonel 1; 1591–1630 cor- 31, col- 22; 1631–50 cor- 4, col- 10; 1651– cor- 0. In 17th c. colonell was trisyllabic, and was often accented (in verse) on the last syllable. But by 1669 it began to be reduced in pronunciation to two syllables, col'nel (according to Jones Pract. Phonography, 1701, (ˈkʌlnəl[/c])), as recorded by Dr. Johnson 1755–73, and repeated without remark by Todd 1818; in Farquhar's Sir Harry Wildair (1701) it appears familiarly abbreviated to coll. But app. the earlier coronel had never died out of popular use; Dr. A. J. Ellis Eng. Pronunc. 1074/2 cites Dyche 1710 for |ˈkʌrəʊnɛl|, Buchanan 1766 for |ˈkɔːnɪl|, Sheridan 1780 for |ˈkɜːnɛl| the pronunciation now established, though apparently not yet universal in 1816. Cf. the following examples:
1548T. Fisher in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iv. III. 296 Certen of the worthiest Almaynes at the desire of their coronell..reentred the same. 1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. i. 82 b, 16 ensignes of Almaynes, whose Colonel was the Count of Guerstein. 1598Barret Theor. Warres 250 Colonell or Coronell, a French word, is the commander of a regiment of certaine companies of souldiers, called with the Spaniards Maestre del Campo. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 111 The Colenels, Captains, and other martial men. 1624Fletcher Rule a Wife ii. ii, Prithee Coronel, How do thy companies fill now? 1632Chapman & Shirley Ball i, Enter the Coronell. 1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 283 The great court favorite, Paris, sells The major's place and colonel's. 1656Cowley Davideis iv. 549 'Till Uz and Jathan their stout Colonels [ed. 1710 col'nels] fell. 1691New Disc. Old Intreague xv. 4 For equal Falshood, equal Fate befell, This dub'd a Knight, and that a Collonel. 1701Farquhar Sir H. Wildair i. i. 4 Ay, the Coll. has made his Fortune with a witness. Ibid. ii. ii. 15 I'm a pretty Gentleman. Coll., where's your wife? 1713Swift Cadenus & V., Many a shaft, Pointed at col'nels, lords, and beaux. 1816C. James Milit. Dict. (ed. 4) 116 Both the English and Scotch, but particularly the latter, pronounce the word Coronel, and so do the Irish. 1816‘Quiz’ Grand Master vii. 177 If a tyrannic low-bred Colonel Would be a martinet infernal. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 14 Our cawnel. ]
1. The superior officer of a regiment, whether of infantry or cavalry. He ranks above the Lieutenant Colonel, on whom, in the British army (except in the Artillery and Engineers), the command of the regiment generally devolves, and below the general officer, who is attached to no one regiment. The title is often honorary, and conferred upon distinguished officers or princes of royal blood.
1548–83[see above]. 1598Barret Theor. Warres iv. i. 116 In the time of..Henrie the eight..those were intituled Colonels, or as some will, Coronels, which the Spaniardes do call Maesters de Campo. 1608Capt. Smith (title), A true relation of such occurrences..as hath hapned in Virginia..written by Captain Smith, Coronell of the said Collony. 1632Massinger Maid of Honour iii. i, Desert may make a serjeant to a colonel. 1745Observ. conc. Navy 44 Colonels of Regiments of Foot had an annual Income never less than twelve hundred Pounds. 1814Wellington in Gurw. Disp. XII. 46 The regiment to be commanded by a Colonel and each of the Battalions by a Lieutenant Colonel or Major. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 77 Colonel Smith applied for a reinforcement. 1881J. Grant Cameronians I. i. 5 Sir Piers..had been appointed..full colonel of the old regiment.
b. Used to render various ancient military titles, as χιλίαρχος, tribunus, magister equitum, etc.
1555Fardle Facions ii. x. 211 The grande Coronelle that had charge ouer ten thousande. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. i. x. (1622) 19 C. Cetronius, Colonel of the first legion. 1600Holland Livy iv. xviii. 151 The Coronell of the Cavallerie [magister equitum], with his cornets of horse. 1623Bingham Xenophon 126 Next day he sent for the Coronels and Captaines of the Armie. 1685Baxter Paraphr. N.T. Acts xxiv. 22 When I have spoke with Colonel Lysias of the Tumults, I will judge the cause.
c. An officer in the U.S. Air Force or Marine Corps, ranking next below a brigadier general. (See also quot. 1802.)
[1802Amer. State Papers. Miscell. (1834) I. 318 Marine Corps... Lieutenant Colonel Commandant,..Captains,..First Lieutenants.] 1834Amer. State Papers. Naval Affairs (1861) IV. 609/1 Report of the Secretary of the Navy..Colonel commandant..pay per month $75.00. 1917Air Service Jrnl. 12 July 12/1 Officers with rank not above colonel shall be appointed and commissioned by the President alone. 1957Encycl. Brit. XVI. 722/2 In the U.S..., the titles for field officers became identical for both the air and ground force officers. The British equivalents were group captain for colonel, [etc.]. 1982Thomas & Jablonski Doolittle xiii. 169 ‘I won't sign your clearance, Colonel!’ he shouted as Doolittle started the engines..and took off.
2. Angling. A kind of artificial salmon-fly.
1867F. Francis Angling x. (1880) 342 There are two uniforms which the Colonel rejoices in.
3. attrib. and in Comb., as colonel-commandant; † colonel-ensign, the colours of a colonel or his regiment, also the bearer of these colours; colonel-general, an officer placed at the head of all the troops of one army.
1577–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) II. 255 A gentleman which bare the said monsieur de la Chapelle his *coronell ensigne. 1670Cotton Espernon ii. v. 228 Lieutenants, Ensigns, Colonel-Ensigns [1587 Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1993 2 Piero Strozzi, coronelle of three ensigns of Italians].
1595T. Maynarde Drake's Voy. (Hakluyt Soc.) 6 Sir Thomas Baskerville, our *coronell-generall was of theyr counsayle. 1628R. Markham (title), Description of..Sir John Burgh, Colonell Generall of his Majesties Armie. 1701Lond. Gaz. No. 3700/3 Colonel-General of the Swiss. 1827Southey Hist. Penins. War II. 204 The colonel-commandant of the French. 1884Busch in Harper's Mag. May 855/2 He..was..made colonel-general, with the rank of field-marshal.
▪ II. colonel, v.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To make a colonel of, style ‘Colonel’; intr. to play the colonel (see colonelling).
1687R. L'Estrange Brief Hist. Times i. 81 The Witnesses..were All-to-be Colonell'd, Doctor'd, Captain'd, and Squir'd, for the Credit of the Story. |