| 释义 |
colocynth|ˈkɒləsɪnθ|
Also 6 colocinthis, 7 colocynthis.
[ad. L. colocynthis (formerly also in Eng. use, with pl. -ides, and variant -ida), a. Gr. κολοκυνθίς (Dioscorides). In med.L. the Gr. κυ was commonly represented by qui, hence the forms coloquint, -ida, q.v.]
The Bitter-apple (Citrullus Colocynthis), a widely-cultivated plant of the Gourd family, the fruit of which is about the size of an orange, and contains a light spongy and extremely bitter pulp, furnishing the well-known purgative drug. Also the fruit of this plant, and the drug prepared from it.
(α) in Latin forms.
1565J. Hall Hist. Expost. 49 By a little meale, the bitternesse of colocinthis was cured in the potage pot. 1609Bible (Douay) 2 Kings iv. 39 He found as it were a wilde vine, and gathered of it the colocynthides of the field [Vulg. colocynthidas agri]. 1676Grew Anat. Plants 240 The great Cathartick power of Colocynthis. 1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Voc., Colocynthida, or coloquintida, a bitter purging gourd or apple.
(β) colocynth.
a1667Jer. Taylor Suppl. Course Serm. (1678) 93 Abuse your Flocks, and feed them with Colocynths and Hemlocke. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Coloquintida, Troches made of colocynth are called troches of alhandal. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 469 Colocynth is rarely, if ever, used alone, but is given in combination..with milder purgatives, to increase their activity. c1878Oxf. Bible Helps 215 The colocynth..grows wild in profusion about Gilgal. It is supposed also to be the vine of Sodom.
b. attrib., as colocynth-pill, colocynth-pith, colocynth-pulp, etc.
1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 704 Compound Colocynth Pills. Take..colocynth pulp, four parts.
Hence coloˈcynthein, a resin-like substance formed on boiling colocynthin with sulphuric acid. coloˈcynthite = colocynthin. coloˈcynthitin (see quot.).
1863–72Watts Dict. Chem. s.v. Colocynthin. Colocynthin boiled with acids is resolved, according to Walz, into sugar..and colocynthein. 1882Syd. Soc. Lex., Colocynthein. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 709 Colocynthite is contained in the fruit of the cucumis colocynthis. 1863–72Watts Dict. Chem. s.v. Colocynthitin, [When] the alcoholic extract of bitter apple..is treated with water, colocynthitin remains undissolved..It is soluble in ether. |