| 释义 |
collision|kəˈlɪʒən|
Also 6 colysion.
[ad. L. collīsiōn-em, n. of action f. collīs- ppl. stem of collīdĕre to dash together, f. col- together + lædĕre to hurt by striking: see collide. Cf. F. collision, 16th c. in Littré.]
1. The action of colliding or forcibly striking or dashing together; violent encounter of a moving body with another; in recent use esp. of railway trains, ships, motor vehicles, aircraft, etc. In Physics, spec. of particles.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 315 For the collision of waters metenge there. 1615Crooke Body of Man 300 By the collision of stones fire is beaten out. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 31 The collision of the waters against the lips of the orifice. 1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1904 These people produce fire both by collision and attrition; the first by striking two stones against each other. 1835Mech. Mag. XXIII. 32 Collision of carriages on the Dublin and Kingstown railway. 1848Arnould Mar. Insur. (1866) II. iii. ii. 698 When the collision is entirely owing to the master and crew of the insured ship. 1880P. Spence in Jrnl. Specul. Philos. XIV. 294 If the atoms A and B collide at the same moment with the atom C, the state into which C is thrown by the double collision cannot be the same as that which would be induced by a collision with either A or B alone. 1904Rutherford Radio-Activity ii. 54 Each of these projected particles possesses such kinetic energy that it is able to produce a large number of ions by collision with the gas molecules in its path. 1926H. N. Russell et al. Astronomy II. xvii. 551 After colliding with the far more massive atom the electron may be found moving with the same speed as before; such a collision is called elastic. Sometimes the electron is slowed up; such a collision is inelastic. 1942[see collide v. 2]. 1969Times 5 Feb. 13/6 These very-high-energy collisions between particles and hydrogen atoms.
2. a. The coming together of sounds with harsh effect.
1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. ii. xiv. 246 We may generally obserue in the Northerne Languages a rough collision of consonants and aspirations. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 88 ⁋8 He..does not often offend by collision of consonants. a1771Gray Corr. (1843) 303 The crowd of monosyllables, the collision of harsh consonants. 1868W. H. Thompson Plato's Phaedrus p. ix, He quotes instances of this collision [of vowels] from Demosthenes. 1876Jebb Attic Orators II. 67.
†b. The coming together of two vowels with elision of one of them; synalœpha; see quots. Obs.
1552Huloet, Colysion, abiection, contraction, or demption of a vowel as this, thayre, for the ayre, thaduice, for the aduice. 1656Blount Glossogr., Collision of a Vowel, is the contracting two Vowels into one. 1677Holyoke Dict., A Collision of a vowel, synalepha, symphonesis.
3. a. fig. Encounter of opposed ideas, interests, etc.; clashing, hostile encounter.
1662H. More Philos. Writings Pref. Gen. 25 There is not the..slightest coallision or clashing in this hypothesis..with the ordinary..sense of the Scripture. 1738Warburton Div. Legat. ii. (R.), The collision of contrary false principles. 1839Thirlwall Greece VIII. 423 The moderate independent party had avoided all collision, not only with Rome, but even with Callicrates. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. 498 In collision with a law which his conscience forbids him to obey. 1872Yeats Growth. Comm. 211. 1884 F. Temple Relat. Relig. & Sc. vii. (1885) 193 Science and Religion come into apparent collision on the question of the freedom of the will.
b. fig. Coming into contact (with no notion of violent opposition or hostility); action of mind upon mind, or the like. Now rare or Obs.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq., Apol. Pref., Out of which friendly Collision..gaining greater Light to some considerable Truths. 1749Chesterfield Lett. II. ccxiii. 320 Your constant collision with good company will..smooth and polish you. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 154 ⁋11 By the fortuitous collision of happy incidents. 1846Prescott Ferd. & Is. I. Introd. 53 In this wide and various collision their moral powers were quickened by constant activity.
4. attrib., as collision bulkhead, collision mat (Naut.): see quots., and bulkhead 1. collision course, a course that will end in collision; also fig.; collision door, on board ship, a door to be closed after a collision, in order to cut off the inflowing water; collision net, a steel net used to support a damaged boat while it is being brought into port; collision-proof a., of a railway carriage or train; capable of withstanding the shock of collision; collision quarters, stations, positions to be taken up by the passengers and crew of a ship in the event of collision.
1879W. H. White Ship-Build. in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 78/1 Known as a ‘*collision’ bulkhead, because it provides against injury to the bow in case of collision.
1944Stewart & Pierce Marine & Air Navigation xiv. 178/2 Ships on such courses are said to be on *collision courses. 1961New Statesman 21 July 73/2 The great powers are now headed on a collision course over Berlin...Either side..may risk resorting to a physical gesture—in an area where the escalation to nuclear war would be rapid and irreversible. 1966D. Francis Flying Finish xviii. 199, I switched the navigation lights on... They wouldn't give much warning to a jet liner on a collision course, but possibly better than none.
1895Daily News 7 Jan. 8/1 Finding the water penetrating,..the chief engineer at once ordered the *collision doors to be closed.
1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 27 *Collision mats..are large mats..from 8 to 15 feet square..for covering a hole in the ship's side, in case of a collision. 1887Daily News 23 July 5/6 A collision mat has since been battened over the breach.
1897Ibid. 27 Apr. 7/6 The gunboat..was kept afloat by means of *collision nets and brought into harbour.
1906Daily Chron. 18 Aug. 2/6 *Collision-proof railway cars.
1909Ibid. 21 June 1/1 The call to ‘*collision quarters’ was..quickly..performed.
1908Westm. Gaz. 31 July 2/1 Drills..such as Fire and *Collision stations.
Sense 4 in Dict. becomes 5. Add: 4. Computing. a. The event of two or more records being assigned the same location in memory.
1968Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery XI. 39/1 Once some entries have been made into a scatter storage table, it becomes possible for the computed addresses of different keys to become the same, causing a collision between the storage locations allocated to each. 1975C. J. Date Introd. Database Syst. ii. 30 Another disadvantage of hash-addressing is the possibility of collisions—that is, two distant stored record occurrences whose keys hash to the same SRA. 1979A. F. Cardenas Data Base Managem. Syst. vi. 236 Total accesses master records only by randomizing the value of the mandatory control key. Collisions do occur as in every known hashing method.
b. (An instance of) simultaneous transmission by more than one node of a network.
1982Longley & Shain Dict. Information Technol. 62/2 In Ethernet, collision detection works in conjunction with carrier sense multiple access methods on a cable network. 1983Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Aug. 56/2 A more critical problem is collision avoidance, or making sure that no more than one node is transmitting at any given time. 1985Which Computer? Dec. 14/3 It's difficult to see where a collision has occurred, so terminals have to use a technique called ‘collision detect’ to check the line is clear before sending a message. 1986Micro Decision Oct. 25/3 The delays caused by collisions mean that networks using this protocol slow down in proportion to the amount of traffic on the network, rather than the number of nodes in the network. |